Privacy Sandbox 的文章和說明文件假設讀者瞭解隱私權、廣告和網頁開發的概念。本詞彙表會說明與 Privacy Sandbox 相關的重要術語。
廣告競價 (Protected Audience API)
In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.
廣告素材、素材
Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.
Ad Exchange
An ad exchange is a platform to automate buying and selling of ad inventory from multiple ad networks.
廣告空間
Ad inventory space is the space or spaces for ads that are available from a site that sells ad space.
廣告平台 (廣告技術)
廣告平台是提供服務來放送廣告的公司。
廣告主
廣告客戶是付費宣傳自家產品的公司。
可匯總報表計算
A distributed ledger, located in both coordinators, that tracks the allocated privacy budget and enforces the 'No Duplicates' rule. This is the privacy preserving mechanism, located and run within coordinators, that ensures no reports pass through the Aggregation Service beyond the allocated privacy budget.
Read more on how batching strategies relate to aggregatable reports.
可匯總報表計算預算
References to the budget that ensures individual reports are not processed more than once.
可匯總報表
Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.
Learn more about aggregatable reports.
匯總服務
由廣告技術營運的服務，可處理可匯總報表並產生摘要報表。
如要進一步瞭解匯集服務的背景資訊，請參閱說明文章和完整條款清單。
API 呼叫端
An API caller is an entity, such as an app, a third-party SDK, or a website, that makes a request to the Topics API to access a user's interests.
確認聲明
A mechanism to authenticate software identity, usually with cryptographic hashes or signatures. For the aggregation service proposal, attestation matches the code running in your ad tech-operated aggregation service with the open source code.
歸因
歸因是指有助於達成特定結果的使用者動作辨識，
例如廣告點擊或曝光與轉換之間的關聯性。
Blink
Blink is the rendering engine used by Chrome, developed as part of the Chromium project.
採購
買方是指在廣告競價中針對廣告空間出價的第三方，可能是需求端平台，也可能是廣告客戶本身。買方擁有及管理興趣群組
發布商會透過稱為「廣告交易平台」的市集提供廣告空間，而買方會透過需求端平台即時競爭刊登廣告的機會。
瞭解 Protected Audience API 中的廣告空間買方。
鉻
Chromium is an open-source web browser project. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera and other browsers are based on Chromium.
點閱後轉換
A click-through conversion is a conversion attributed to an ad that was clicked.
點閱率 (CTR)
點閱率是指按下廣告並看見廣告的使用者比例。
另請參閱曝光。
貢獻者綁定
Aggregatable reports may contain an arbitrary number of counter increments. For
example, a report may contain a count of products that a user has viewed on an
advertiser's site. The sum of increments in all aggregatable reports related to
a single source event must not exceed a given limit, such as L1=2^16 (65,536).
Learn more in the aggregatable reports explainer.
轉換
A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.
For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.
Cookie
A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.
For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.
協調員
Entities responsible for key management and aggregatable report accounting. A Coordinator maintains a list of hashes of approved aggregation service configurations and configures access to decryption keys.
粗略資料
Coarse data refers to limited information provided by Attribution Reporting API event-level reports. This is limited to 3 pieces of conversion data for clicks and 1 piece for views. Specific, granular conversion data (such as specific prices of items and timestamps) are not included.
資料管理平台 (DMP)
A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.
Learn more about DMPs.
需求端平台 (DSP)
A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.
差異化隱私
Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.
網域
熵
「熵」是指一項資料項目揭露個人身分的程度。
資料熵是以位元測量。資料揭露越多，熵價值就越高。
資料可以結合以找出個人，但要確認新資料是否新增至熵內容，並不容易。舉例來說，如果你已知道人來自澳洲人，但知道對方是澳洲人，並不會因此減少熵。
訓練週期
在 Topics API 中，「週期」是指瀏覽器根據瀏覽活動推斷使用者的一段時間。目前設為一週。
eTLD、eTLD+1
eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.
For example:
co.uk
github.io
glitch.me
Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from
bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole
site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.
See also Top-Level Domain.
事件層級報表
事件層級報表，將特定廣告點擊或瀏覽 (在廣告端) 與轉換端的資料建立關聯。為了藉由限制跨網站整合使用者身分來維護使用者隱私，轉換端資料非常有限，而且資料十分雜亂。
Federated Credential Management API (FedCM)
Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.
FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.
聯合身分識別 (聯合登入)
聯合識別資訊是第三方平台，可讓使用者登入網站，不必執行網站實作自己的身分識別服務。
圍欄頁框
A (<fencedframe>) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to
an iframe. Unlike
iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to
allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding
context.
Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.
數位指紋採集
Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.
Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.
表面指紋採集
A fingerprinting surface is something that can be used (probably in combination with other surfaces) to identify a particular user or device.
For example, the navigator.userAgent() JavaScript method and the User-Agent
HTTP request header provide access to a fingerprinting surface (the User-Agent
string).
第一方
第一方是指您造訪的網站資源。
舉例來說，您正在閱讀的網頁位於 developer.chrome.com 網站上，並包含該網站要求的資源。這些第一方資源的要求稱為「第一方要求」。來自您造訪網站時儲存的 developer.chrome.com Cookie 稱為第一方 Cookie。
另請參閱第三方。
第一方 Cookie
A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.
For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.
I2E
Intent to Experiment (I2E) is the announcement of a plan to make a new Blink feature available to users for testing, typically through an origin trial.
I2EE
「擴充實驗」(I2EE) 是一項計畫的公告，用於延長來源試用的持續時間。
I2P
Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.
I2S
Intent to Ship (I2S) 宣布了一項計劃，那就是向使用 Chrome 穩定版的使用者提供 Blink 的新功能。
曝光
曝光可以是：
按照興趣顯示廣告 (IBA)
Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.
興趣群組
In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.
Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.
庫存
Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div>
tags) where ads can be displayed.
k-anonymity
k-anonymity 是指資料集內的去識別化措施，如果您具有 k 匿名性，就無法與資料集內的其他 k-1 個人區別。換句話說，k 個別使用者的資訊相同 (包括您)。
雜訊和縮放
Statistical noise that is added to summary reports during the aggregation process to preserve privacy and ensure the final reports provide anonymized measurement information.
Read more about additive noise mechanism, which is drawn from Laplace distribution.
Nonce
Nonce 是加密通訊中只使用一次的任意數字。
來源
An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.
For example: https://developer.chrome.com
來源試用
Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.
When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.
Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.
被動表面
被動途徑是一種指紋辨識途徑，例如使用者代理程式字串、IP 位址和 Accept-Language 標頭，無論網站是否要求提供，每個網站都能使用。
被動途徑可以輕鬆運用網站的隱私預算。
Privacy Sandbox 計畫提議以主動方式取代被動途徑來取得特定資訊，例如使用 Client Hints 一次取得使用者的語言，而不是在每個伺服器回應中都提供 Accept-Language 標頭。
Protected Audience API
The Protected Audience API is the new name for the FLEDGE API.
發布商
在 Privacy Sandbox 的結構定義中，發布商是一種付費放送廣告的網站。
觸及率
觸及率是指看到廣告或造訪顯示廣告網頁的使用者總數。
即時出價 (RTB)
即時出價是指透過自動化競價的方式，買賣網站上的廣告曝光，在網頁載入期間完成。
再行銷
再行銷是指對曾經在其他網站上瀏覽過您網站的使用者放送廣告。
舉例來說，網路商店可以向先前在網站上瀏覽過玩具的使用者顯示玩具特賣廣告。
報表來源
The entity that receives aggregatable reports—in other words, you or an ad tech that called the Attribution Reporting API. Aggregatable reports are sent from user devices to a well-known URL associated with the reporting origin. The reporting origin is designated during enrollment.
縮放比例係數
Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.
賣方
賣方是進行廣告競價的一方，可能是賣方平台，也可能是發布商。
共用 ID
計算值，包含 shared_info、reporting_origin、destination_site (僅限 Attribution Reporting API)、source_registration-time (僅限 Attribution Reporting API)、scheduled_report_time 和版本。
在 shared_info 欄位中共用相同屬性的多份報表，應使用相同的共用 ID。在可匯總報表計算中，共用 ID 扮演著重要角色。
網站
網站等同於 eTLD+1 和配置 (通訊協定)。
另請參閱頂層網域。
儲存空間分區
儲存空間分區是 Chrome 的一種機制，目的是防止特定類型的旁路跨網站追蹤，而 Chrome 在第三方環境中將儲存與通訊 API 分區。
儲存空間分區可防止網站彙整不同網站的資料，以追蹤使用者在網路上的活動。
摘要報表
Attribution Reporting API 和 Private Aggregation API 報表類型。摘要報表包含匯總的使用者資料，並可納入加入雜訊的詳細轉換資料。摘要報表是由匯總報表組成。相較於事件層級報表，這類報表提供更大的彈性，並提供更豐富的資料模型，特別適用於轉換價值等某些用途。
供應端平台、賣方平台
供應端平台是一種廣告技術服務，可自動銷售廣告空間。賣方平台可讓發布商將廣告空間 (要放送廣告的空白矩形) 提供給多個廣告交易平台、DSP 和聯播網。這樣可以吸引許多潛在買方對廣告空間出價。
Surface
Surface. See Fingerprinting surface and Passive surface.
第三方
Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.
For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from
google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from
use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an
iframe). See also First-party.
第三方 Cookie
A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.
For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.
See also First-party cookie.
頂層網域 (TLD)
.com 和 .org 等頂層網域會列在「根區域資料庫」中。
主題
「主題」是人類可讀的使用者興趣主題，並屬於 Topics 分類。
主題分類
Topics 分類是公開的人工收錄、人類可讀類別階層，Topics API 會使用這類別來代表使用者的興趣。
受信任的執行環境 (TEE)
電腦硬體和軟體的安全設定，可讓外部各方驗證機器上執行的確切軟體版本，不必擔心資訊外洩。在 TEE 中，外部各方可驗證軟體是否完全依軟體製造商聲明的方式運作。
如要進一步瞭解 Privacy Sandbox 提案中使用的 TEE，請參閱「Protected Audience API 服務說明」和「匯總服務說明」。
使用者代理程式用戶端提示 (UA-CH)
User-agent client hints provide specific pieces of the User-Agent string on explicit request. This helps reduce passive surfaces in the User-Agent string which may lead to user identification or covert tracking.
UA-CH is sometimes referred to as "Client Hints."
User-Agent 字串
A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.
.well-known
.well-known 檔案可用於從標準化網址新增網站的重新導向。
舉例來說，當網站設定從 /.well-known/change-password 重新導向至網站變更密碼的頁面時，密碼管理工具可以讓使用者更輕鬆地更新密碼。
此外，在提出要求「之前」存取主機的政策或其他資訊會很實用。舉例來說，robots.txt 會指示網路檢索器要造訪哪些網頁，以及要略過哪些網頁。IETF RFC8615 概述瞭如何讓 /.well-known/ 子目錄中的標準位置存取全網站中繼資料。
如要查看 .well-known 的建議清單，請前往 iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml。
Worklet
A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.
Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.