Glosario de Privacy Sandbox

Los artículos y la documentación de Privacy Sandbox suponen un conocimiento de los conceptos de privacidad, publicidad y desarrollo web. En este glosario, se explican los términos clave relacionados con Privacy Sandbox.

Subasta de anuncios (API de Protected Audience)

En la API de Protected Audience, un vendedor (que probablemente sea una SSP o tal vez el propio publicador) ejecuta una subasta de anuncios en código JavaScript en el navegador del dispositivo del usuario para vender espacio publicitario en un sitio que muestra anuncios.

Creatividad del anuncio

Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.

Ad Exchange

An ad exchange is a platform to automate buying and selling of ad inventory from multiple ad networks.

Inventario de anuncios, espacio publicitario

Ad inventory space is the space or spaces for ads that are available from a site that sells ad space.

Plataforma de anuncios (tecnología publicitaria)

Una plataforma de anuncios es una empresa que proporciona servicios para publicar anuncios.

Advertiser

Un anunciante es una empresa que paga para anunciar sus productos.

Contabilidad de informes agregables

A distributed ledger, located in both coordinators, that tracks the allocated privacy budget and enforces the 'No Duplicates' rule. This is the privacy preserving mechanism, located and run within coordinators, that ensures no reports pass through the Aggregation Service beyond the allocated privacy budget.

Read more on how batching strategies relate to aggregatable reports.

Presupuesto de la contabilidad de informes agregables

References to the budget that ensures individual reports are not processed more than once.

Informes agregables

Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.

Learn more about aggregatable reports.

Servicio de agregación

An ad tech-operated service that processes aggregatable reports to create a summary report.

Read more about the Aggregation Service backstory in our explainer and the full terms list.

Llamador de la API

Un llamador de API es una entidad, como una app, un SDK de terceros o un sitio web, que envía una solicitud a la API de Topics para acceder a los intereses de un usuario.

Certificación

Es un mecanismo para autenticar la identidad del software, por lo general, con hashes criptográficos o firmas. En el caso de la propuesta de servicio de agregación, la certificación coincide con el código que se ejecuta en tu servicio de agregación operado por la tecnología publicitaria con el código de código abierto.

Obtén más información sobre la certificación.

Atribución

Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.

For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.

Blink

Blink es el motor de procesamiento que usa Chrome, desarrollado como parte del proyecto de Chromium.

Comprador

A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.

Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.

Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.

Chromium

Chromium es un proyecto de navegador web de código abierto. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera y otros navegadores se basan en Chromium.

Conversión posclic (CTC)

Una conversión posclic es una conversión que se atribuye a un anuncio en el que se hizo clic.

Tasa de clics (CTR)

The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.

See also impression.

Vinculación de contribuciones

Aggregatable reports may contain an arbitrary number of counter increments. For example, a report may contain a count of products that a user has viewed on an advertiser's site. The sum of increments in all aggregatable reports related to a single source event must not exceed a given limit, such as L1=2^16 (65,536).

Learn more in the aggregatable reports explainer.

Conversión

A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.

For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.

Cookie

A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.

For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.

Coordinador

Entities responsible for key management and aggregatable report accounting. A Coordinator maintains a list of hashes of approved aggregation service configurations and configures access to decryption keys.

Datos generales

Coarse data refers to limited information provided by Attribution Reporting API event-level reports. This is limited to 3 pieces of conversion data for clicks and 1 piece for views. Specific, granular conversion data (such as specific prices of items and timestamps) are not included.

Plataforma de administración de datos (DMP)

A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.

Learn more about DMPs.

Plataforma orientada a la demanda (DSP)

A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.

Privacidad diferencial

Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.

Dominio

Dominio. Consulta Dominio de nivel superior y eTLD.

Entropía

Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.

Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.

Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.

Epoch

En la API de Topics, un ciclo de entrenamiento es el período durante el cual el navegador infiere temas para un usuario en función de su actividad de navegación. Actualmente, está configurada en una semana.

eTLD, eTLD+1

eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.

For example:

co.uk 
github.io 
glitch.me

Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.

See also Top-Level Domain.

Informe a nivel del evento

Event-level reports associate a particular ad click or view (on the ad side) with data on the conversion side. To preserve user privacy by limiting the joining of user identity across sites, conversion-side data is very limited, and the data is noisy.

API de Federated Credential Management (FedCM)

Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.

FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.

Identidad federada (acceso federado)

Federated identity is a third-party platform to allow a user to sign in to a website, without requiring the site to implement their own identity service.

Marco vallado

A (<fencedframe>) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to an iframe. Unlike iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding context.

Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.

Creación de huellas digitales

Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.

Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.

Superficie de creación de huellas digitales

A fingerprinting surface is something that can be used (probably in combination with other surfaces) to identify a particular user or device.

For example, the navigator.userAgent() JavaScript method and the User-Agent HTTP request header provide access to a fingerprinting surface (the User-Agent string).

Propia

First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.

For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called first-party cookies.

See also Third-party.

Cookie propia

A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.

For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.

I2E

Intent to Experiment (I2E) is the announcement of a plan to make a new Blink feature available to users for testing, typically through an origin trial.

I2EE

El intent de extensión (I2EE) es un anuncio de un plan para extender la duración de una prueba de origen.

I2P

La intención de crear un prototipo (I2P) es la primera etapa en el desarrollo de una nueva función en Blink. El anuncio se publica en la lista de distribución de blink-dev con un vínculo a la propuesta para su análisis.

I2S

Intent to Ship (I2S) is an announcement of a plan to make a new feature of Blink available to users in stable versions of Chrome.

Impresión

Impression could refer to either:

• View of an ad. See also click-through rate.
• An ad slot: the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) on a web page where an ad can be displayed. Ad slots constitute inventory.

Publicidad basada en intereses (IBA)

Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.

Grupo de interés

In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.

Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.

Inventario

Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) where ads can be displayed.

k‑anonimato

K-anonymity is the measure of anonymity within a data set. If you have k anonymity, you can't be distinguished from k-1 other individuals in the data set. In other words, k individuals have the same information (including you).

Ruido y escalamiento

Es el ruido estadístico que se agrega a los informes de resumen durante el proceso de agregación para preservar la privacidad y garantizar que los informes finales proporcionen información de medición anonimizada.

Obtén más información sobre el mecanismo de ruido aditivo, que se extrae de la distribución de Laplace.

Nonce

Un nonce es un número arbitrario que se usa solo una vez en la comunicación criptográfica.

Origen

An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.

For example: https://developer.chrome.com

Prueba de origen

Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.

When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.

Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.

Superficie pasiva

Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.

Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.

The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.

API de Protected Audience

The Protected Audience API is the new name for the FLEDGE API.

Editor

In the Privacy Sandbox context, a publisher is a site with ad space that is paid to display ads.

Alcance

El alcance representa la cantidad total de personas que ven un anuncio o que visitan una página web que muestra el anuncio.

Ofertas en tiempo real (RTB)

Las ofertas en tiempo real son una subasta automática para comprar y vender impresiones de anuncios en sitios web, que se completan durante la carga de la página.

Remarketing

Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.

For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.

Origen de los informes

The entity that receives aggregatable reports—in other words, you or an ad tech that called the Attribution Reporting API. Aggregatable reports are sent from user devices to a well-known URL associated with the reporting origin. The reporting origin is designated during enrollment.

Factor de escala

Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.

Vendedor

Un vendedor es la parte que ejecuta una subasta de anuncios, que probablemente sea una SSP o tal vez el propio publicador.

ID compartido

A computed value that consists of shared_info, reporting_origin, destination_site (for Attribution Reporting API only), source_registration-time (for Attribution Reporting API only), scheduled_report_time, and version.

Multiple reports that share the same attributes in the shared_info field should have the same shared ID. Shared IDs play an important role within Aggregatable Report Accounting.

Read more about Trusted Servers.

Sitio

A site is equivalent to an eTLD+1 along with a scheme (protocol).

See also Top-Level Domain.

Particionamiento de almacenamiento

Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.

Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.

Informe de resumen

An Attribution Reporting API and Private Aggregation API report type. A summary report includes aggregated user data, and can contain detailed conversion data with noise added. Summary reports are made up of aggregate reports. They allow for greater flexibility and provide a richer data model than event-level reporting, particularly for some use-cases like conversion values.

Plataforma de proveedores, plataforma orientada a la venta

A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.

Superficie

Surface. See Fingerprinting surface and Passive surface.

De terceros

Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.

For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an iframe). See also First-party.

Cookie de terceros

A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.

For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.

See also First-party cookie.

Dominio de nivel superior (TLD)

Top-level domains such as .com and .org are listed in the Root Zone Database.

See also eTLD, site.

Tema

Un tema es un tema de interés legible para un usuario y forma parte de la taxonomía de Topics.

Taxonomía de Topics

The Topics taxonomy is a public, human-curated, human-readable hierarchy of categories that the Topics API uses to represent users' interests.

Entorno de ejecución confiable (TEE)

Es una configuración segura de hardware y software de computadoras que permite a terceros verificar las versiones exactas del software que se ejecuta en la máquina sin temor a la exposición. Los TEE permiten que las partes externas verifiquen que el software haga exactamente lo que el fabricante de software afirma que hace, ni más ni menos.

Para obtener más información sobre los TEE que se usan para las propuestas de Privacy Sandbox, lee la explicación de los servicios de la API de Protected Audience y la explicación del servicio de agregación.

Sugerencias de clientes de usuario-agente (UA-CH)

User-agent client hints provide specific pieces of the User-Agent string on explicit request. This helps reduce passive surfaces in the User-Agent string which may lead to user identification or covert tracking.

UA-CH is sometimes referred to as "Client Hints."

Cadena de usuario-agente

A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.

.well-known

El archivo .well-known es un archivo que se usa para agregar redireccionamientos a un sitio web desde URLs estandarizadas.

Por ejemplo, los administradores de contraseñas pueden facilitar que los usuarios actualicen las contraseñas si un sitio web establece un redireccionamiento de /.well-known/change-password a la página para cambiar la contraseña del sitio.

Además, puede ser útil acceder a la política o a otra información sobre un host antes de realizar una solicitud. Por ejemplo, robots.txt les indica a los rastreadores web qué páginas visitar y qué páginas ignorar. La IETF RFC8615 describe una forma estandarizada de hacer que los metadatos de todo el sitio sean accesibles en ubicaciones estándar en un subdirectorio /.well-known/.

Consulta una lista de recomendaciones para .well-known en iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.

Worklet

A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.

Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.