อภิธานศัพท์ของ Privacy Sandbox

บทความและเอกสารประกอบเกี่ยวกับ Privacy Sandbox ถือว่าผู้อ่านมีความรู้เกี่ยวกับแนวคิดด้านความเป็นส่วนตัว การโฆษณา และการพัฒนาเว็บ อภิธานศัพท์นี้จะอธิบายคําศัพท์สําคัญที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ Privacy Sandbox

การประมูลโฆษณา (Protected Audience API)

In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.

ครีเอทีฟโฆษณา

Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.

Ad Exchange

Ad Exchange เป็นแพลตฟอร์มที่ดำเนินการซื้อและขายพื้นที่โฆษณาจากเครือข่ายโฆษณาหลายๆ เครือข่ายโดยอัตโนมัติ

พื้นที่โฆษณา

Ad inventory space is the space or spaces for ads that are available from a site that sells ad space.

แพลตฟอร์มโฆษณา (เทคโนโลยีโฆษณา)

แพลตฟอร์มโฆษณาคือบริษัทที่ให้บริการแสดงโฆษณา

ผู้ลงโฆษณา

An advertiser is a company that pays to advertise its products.

การบัญชีรายงานที่รวบรวมได้

A distributed ledger, located in both coordinators, that tracks the allocated privacy budget and enforces the 'No Duplicates' rule. This is the privacy preserving mechanism, located and run within coordinators, that ensures no reports pass through the Aggregation Service beyond the allocated privacy budget.

Read more on how batching strategies relate to aggregatable reports.

งบประมาณการบัญชีของรายงานที่รวบรวมได้

การอ้างอิงงบประมาณที่ช่วยให้มั่นใจว่าระบบจะไม่ประมวลผลรายงานแต่ละรายการมากกว่า 1 ครั้ง

รายงานที่รวมได้

Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.

Learn more about aggregatable reports.

บริการรวมข้อมูล

An ad tech-operated service that processes aggregatable reports to create a summary report.

Read more about the Aggregation Service backstory in our explainer and the full terms list.

ผู้เรียก API

An API caller is an entity, such as an app, a third-party SDK, or a website, that makes a request to the Topics API to access a user's interests.

การรับรอง

A mechanism to authenticate software identity, usually with cryptographic hashes or signatures. For the aggregation service proposal, attestation matches the code running in your ad tech-operated aggregation service with the open source code.

Read more about attestation.

การระบุแหล่งที่มา

Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.

For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.

Blink is the rendering engine used by Chrome, developed as part of the Chromium project.

ผู้ซื้อ

A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.

Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.

Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.

Chromium

Chromium is an open-source web browser project. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera and other browsers are based on Chromium.

Conversion การคลิกผ่าน (CTC)

A click-through conversion is a conversion attributed to an ad that was clicked.

อัตราการคลิกผ่าน (CTR)

The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.

See also impression.

การเชื่อมโยงการมีส่วนร่วม

รายงานที่รวบรวมได้อาจมีการเพิ่มตัวนับเป็นจํานวนเท่าใดก็ได้ เช่น รายงานอาจมีจํานวนผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ผู้ใช้ดูในเว็บไซต์ของผู้ลงโฆษณา ผลรวมของการเพิ่มในรายงานที่รวบรวมได้ทั้งหมดที่เกี่ยวข้องกับเหตุการณ์จากแหล่งที่มาเดียวต้องไม่เกินขีดจํากัดที่ระบุ เช่น L1=2^16 (65,536)

ดูข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมในคําอธิบายรายงานที่รวบรวมได้

Conversion

A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.

For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.

A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.

For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.

ผู้ประสานงาน

Entities responsible for key management and aggregatable report accounting. A Coordinator maintains a list of hashes of approved aggregation service configurations and configures access to decryption keys.

ข้อมูลคร่าวๆ

Coarse data refers to limited information provided by Attribution Reporting API event-level reports. This is limited to 3 pieces of conversion data for clicks and 1 piece for views. Specific, granular conversion data (such as specific prices of items and timestamps) are not included.

แพลตฟอร์มการจัดการข้อมูล (DMP)

A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.

Learn more about DMPs.

แพลตฟอร์มฝั่งซื้อ (DSP)

A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.

Differential Privacy

Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.

โดเมน

Domain. See Top-Level Domain and eTLD.

เอนโทรปี

Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.

Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.

Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.

Epoch

In the Topics API, an epoch is the period of time during which the browser infers topics for a user based on their browsing activity. It is currently set to one week.

eTLD, eTLD+1

eTLD คือโดเมนระดับบนสุด (TLD) ที่มีประสิทธิภาพซึ่งกำหนดโดย รายการคำต่อท้ายสาธารณะ

เช่น

co.uk 
github.io 
glitch.me

TLD ที่มีประสิทธิภาพคือสิ่งที่ช่วยให้ foo.appspot.com เป็นคนละเว็บไซต์กับ bar.appspot.com eTLD ในกรณีนี้คือ appspot.com และข้อมูลทั้งหมด โดยชื่อเว็บไซต์ (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) จะเรียกว่า eTLD+1

โปรดดูเพิ่มเติมที่โดเมนระดับบนสุด

รายงานระดับเหตุการณ์

Event-level reports associate a particular ad click or view (on the ad side) with data on the conversion side. To preserve user privacy by limiting the joining of user identity across sites, conversion-side data is very limited, and the data is noisy.

Federated Credential Management API (FedCM)

Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.

FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.

ข้อมูลประจำตัวแบบรวมศูนย์ (การเข้าสู่ระบบแบบรวมศูนย์)

Federated identity is a third-party platform to allow a user to sign in to a website, without requiring the site to implement their own identity service.

เฟรมที่มีการปิดกั้น

A (<fencedframe>) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to an iframe. Unlike iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding context.

Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.

เบราว์เซอร์ฟิงเกอร์ปรินต์

การเก็บลายนิ้วมือครอบคลุมเทคนิคต่างๆ ในระบุและติดตามพฤติกรรมของผู้ใช้แต่ละราย

การใช้ลายนิ้วมือใช้กลไกที่ผู้ใช้ไม่รู้ตัวและไม่สามารถควบคุมได้

พื้นผิวสำหรับฟิงเกอร์ปรินต์

A fingerprinting surface is something that can be used (probably in combination with other surfaces) to identify a particular user or device.

For example, the navigator.userAgent() JavaScript method and the User-Agent HTTP request header provide access to a fingerprinting surface (the User-Agent string).

บุคคลที่หนึ่ง

First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.

For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called first-party cookies.

See also Third-party.

A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.

For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.

I2E

Intent to Experiment (I2E) is the announcement of a plan to make a new Blink feature available to users for testing, typically through an origin trial.

I2EE

Intent to Extend Experiment (I2EE) is an announcement of a plan to extend the duration of an origin trial.

I2P

Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.

I2S

Intent to Ship (I2S) เป็นการประกาศแผนที่จะมีฟีเจอร์ใหม่ของ Blink พร้อมใช้งานสำหรับผู้ใช้ใน Chrome เวอร์ชันเสถียร

การแสดงผล

Impression could refer to either:

  • View of an ad. See also click-through rate.
  • An ad slot: the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) on a web page where an ad can be displayed. Ad slots constitute inventory.

การโฆษณาตามความสนใจ (IBA)

Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.

กลุ่มความสนใจ

In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.

Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.

พื้นที่โฆษณา

Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) where ads can be displayed.

k-anonymity

K-anonymity is the measure of anonymity within a data set. If you have k anonymity, you can't be distinguished from k-1 other individuals in the data set. In other words, k individuals have the same information (including you).

เสียงรบกวนและการปรับขนาด

Statistical noise that is added to summary reports during the aggregation process to preserve privacy and ensure the final reports provide anonymized measurement information.

Read more about additive noise mechanism, which is drawn from Laplace distribution.

Nonce

A nonce is an arbitrary number used only once in cryptographic communication.

Origin

An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.

For example: https://developer.chrome.com

ช่วงทดลองใช้จากต้นทาง

Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.

When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.

Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.

พื้นผิวแบบพาสซีฟ

Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.

Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.

The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.

Protected Audience API

The Protected Audience API is the new name for the FLEDGE API.

ผู้เผยแพร่

In the Privacy Sandbox context, a publisher is a site with ad space that is paid to display ads.

การเข้าถึง

Reach represents the total number of people who see an ad or who visit a web page that displays the ad.

การเสนอราคาแบบเรียลไทม์ (RTB)

Real-time bidding refers to an automated auction for buying and selling ad impressions on websites, completed during page load.

รีมาร์เก็ตติ้ง

Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.

For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.

ที่มาของการรายงาน

The entity that receives aggregatable reports—in other words, you or an ad tech that called the Attribution Reporting API. Aggregatable reports are sent from user devices to a well-known URL associated with the reporting origin. The reporting origin is designated during enrollment.

ตัวคูณมาตราส่วน

Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.

ผู้ขาย

ผู้ขายเป็นฝ่ายที่ทำการประมูลเพื่อแสดงโฆษณา ซึ่งมักจะเป็น SSP หรือตัวผู้เผยแพร่โฆษณาเอง

รหัสที่แชร์

A computed value that consists of shared_info, reporting_origin, destination_site (for Attribution Reporting API only), source_registration-time (for Attribution Reporting API only), scheduled_report_time, and version.

Multiple reports that share the same attributes in the shared_info field should have the same shared ID. Shared IDs play an important role within Aggregatable Report Accounting.

Read more about Trusted Servers.

ไซต์

A site is equivalent to an eTLD+1 along with a scheme (protocol).

See also Top-Level Domain.

การแบ่งพาร์ติชันพื้นที่เก็บข้อมูล

Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.

Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.

รายงานสรุป

An Attribution Reporting API and Private Aggregation API report type. A summary report includes aggregated user data, and can contain detailed conversion data with noise added. Summary reports are made up of aggregate reports. They allow for greater flexibility and provide a richer data model than event-level reporting, particularly for some use-cases like conversion values.

แพลตฟอร์มฝั่งขาย

A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.

แพลตฟอร์ม

Surface. See Fingerprinting surface and Passive surface.

Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.

For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an iframe). See also First-party.

A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.

For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.

See also First-party cookie.

โดเมนระดับบนสุด (TLD)

Top-level domains such as .com and .org are listed in the Root Zone Database.

See also eTLD, site.

หัวข้อ

หัวข้อคือหัวข้อที่ผู้ใช้สนใจซึ่งมนุษย์อ่านได้ และเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการจัดหมวดหมู่หัวข้อ

การจัดหมวดหมู่ Topics

The Topics taxonomy is a public, human-curated, human-readable hierarchy of categories that the Topics API uses to represent users' interests.

สภาพแวดล้อมการดำเนินการที่เชื่อถือได้ (TEE)

การกําหนดค่าฮาร์ดแวร์และซอฟต์แวร์คอมพิวเตอร์ที่ปลอดภัยซึ่งช่วยให้บุคคลภายนอกตรวจสอบเวอร์ชันที่แน่นอนของซอฟต์แวร์ที่ทํางานบนเครื่องได้โดยไม่ต้องกลัวว่าข้อมูลจะรั่วไหล TEE อนุญาตให้บุคคลภายนอกตรวจสอบได้ว่าซอฟต์แวร์ทํางานตามที่ผู้ผลิตซอฟต์แวร์กล่าวอ้างไว้ทุกประการ

ดูข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับ TEE ที่ใช้สำหรับข้อเสนอ Privacy Sandbox ได้ที่คำอธิบายบริการ Protected Audience API และคำอธิบายบริการรวบรวมข้อมูล

คำแนะนำสำหรับไคลเอ็นต์ User Agent (UA-CH)

คำแนะนำสำหรับไคลเอ็นต์ User Agent จะระบุส่วนต่างๆ ของสตริง User-Agent ในคำขอที่ชัดเจน ซึ่งจะช่วยลดแพลตฟอร์มแบบแพสซีฟในสตริง User-Agent ซึ่งอาจนำไปสู่การระบุตัวตนผู้ใช้หรือการติดตามโดยไม่เปิดเผย

บางครั้งจะเรียก UA-CH ว่า "คําแนะนําของไคลเอ็นต์"

สตริง User Agent

A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.

.well-known

.well-known is a file used to add redirects to a website from standardized URLs.

For example, password managers can make it easier for users to update passwords if a website sets a redirect from /.well-known/change-password to the change password page of the site.

In addition, it can be useful to access policy or other information about a host before making a request. For example, robots.txt tells web crawlers which pages to visit and which pages to ignore. IETF RFC8615 outlines a standardized way to make site-wide metadata accessible in standard locations in a /.well-known/ subdirectory.

See a list of recommendations for .well-known at iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.

Worklet

A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.

Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.