Glosarium Privacy Sandbox

Artikel dan dokumentasi Privacy Sandbox mengasumsikan pengetahuan tentang konsep dari privasi, iklan, dan pengembangan web. Glosarium ini menjelaskan istilah utama terkait Privacy Sandbox.

Lelang iklan (Protected Audience API)

In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.

Materi iklan, materi iklan

Materi iklan mengacu pada konten iklan yang ditayangkan kepada pengguna. Materi iklan dapat berupa gambar, video, audio, dan format lainnya. Materi iklan berada dalam ruang iklan, dan ditayangkan oleh teknologi iklan dalam item baris.

Ad exchange

Ad Exchange adalah platform untuk mengotomatiskan pembelian dan penjualan inventaris iklan dari beberapa jaringan iklan.

Inventaris iklan, ruang iklan

Ad inventory space is the space or spaces for ads that are available from a site that sells ad space.

Platform iklan (Teknologi iklan)

Platform iklan adalah perusahaan yang menyediakan layanan untuk menayangkan iklan.

Pengiklan

Pengiklan adalah perusahaan yang membayar untuk mengiklankan produknya.

Akuntansi laporan agregat

Ledger terdistribusi, yang terletak di kedua koordinator, yang melacak anggaran privasi yang dialokasikan dan menerapkan aturan'Tidak Ada Duplikat'. Ini adalah mekanisme perlindungan privasi, yang terletak dan dijalankan dalam koordinator, yang memastikan tidak ada laporan yang melewati Layanan Agregasi di luar anggaran privasi yang dialokasikan.

Baca selengkapnya tentang hubungan strategi pengelompokan dengan laporan agregat.

Anggaran akuntansi laporan agregat

Referensi ke anggaran yang memastikan setiap laporan tidak diproses lebih dari sekali.

Laporan agregat

Laporan gabungan adalah laporan terenkripsi yang dikirim dari setiap perangkat pengguna. Laporan ini berisi data tentang konversi dan perilaku pengguna lintas situs. Konversi (terkadang disebut peristiwa pemicu atribusi) dan metrik terkait ditentukan oleh pengiklan atau teknologi iklan. Setiap laporan dienkripsi untuk mencegah berbagai pihak mengakses data pokok.

Pelajari laporan gabungan lebih lanjut.

Layanan agregasi

Layanan yang dioperasikan teknologi iklan yang memproses laporan agregat untuk membuat laporan ringkasan.

Baca selengkapnya tentang latar belakang Layanan Agregasi di penjelasan dan daftar istilah lengkap kami.

Pemanggil API

An API caller is an entity, such as an app, a third-party SDK, or a website, that makes a request to the Topics API to access a user's interests.

Pengesahan

Mekanisme untuk mengautentikasi identitas software, biasanya dengan hash kriptografis atau tanda tangan. Untuk proposal layanan agregasi, pengesahan mencocokkan kode yang berjalan di layanan agregasi yang dioperasikan teknologi iklan Anda dengan kode open source.

Baca selengkapnya tentang pengesahan.

Atribusi

Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.

For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.

Blink

Blink is the rendering engine used by Chrome, developed as part of the Chromium project.

Reseller

A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.

Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.

Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.

Kromium

Chromium is an open-source web browser project. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera and other browsers are based on Chromium.

Konversi klik-tayang (CTC)

A click-through conversion is a conversion attributed to an ad that was clicked.

Rasio klik-tayang (CTR)

The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.

See also impression.

Ikatan kontribusi

Aggregatable reports may contain an arbitrary number of counter increments. For example, a report may contain a count of products that a user has viewed on an advertiser's site. The sum of increments in all aggregatable reports related to a single source event must not exceed a given limit, such as L1=2^16 (65,536).

Learn more in the aggregatable reports explainer.

Konversi

A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.

For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.

Cookie

A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.

For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.

Koordinator

Entitas yang bertanggung jawab atas pengelolaan kunci dan akuntansi laporan gabungan. Koordinator mengelola daftar hash konfigurasi layanan agregasi yang disetujui dan mengonfigurasi akses ke kunci dekripsi.

Data kasar

Coarse data refers to limited information provided by Attribution Reporting API event-level reports. This is limited to 3 pieces of conversion data for clicks and 1 piece for views. Specific, granular conversion data (such as specific prices of items and timestamps) are not included.

Platform pengelolaan data (DMP)

A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.

Learn more about DMPs.

Platform sisi permintaan (DSP)

A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.

Privasi diferensial

Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.

Domain

Domain. See Top-Level Domain and eTLD.

Entropi

Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.

Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.

Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.

Epoch

In the Topics API, an epoch is the period of time during which the browser infers topics for a user based on their browsing activity. It is currently set to one week.

eTLD, eTLD+1

eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.

For example:

co.uk 
github.io 
glitch.me

Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.

See also Top-Level Domain.

Laporan tingkat peristiwa

Event-level reports associate a particular ad click or view (on the ad side) with data on the conversion side. To preserve user privacy by limiting the joining of user identity across sites, conversion-side data is very limited, and the data is noisy.

Federated Credential Management API (FedCM)

Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.

FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.

Identitas gabungan (login gabungan)

Federated identity is a third-party platform to allow a user to sign in to a website, without requiring the site to implement their own identity service.

Bingkai dengan fence

(<fencedframe>) adalah elemen HTML yang diusulkan untuk konten tersemat, yang mirip dengan iframe. Tidak seperti iframe, frame dengan fence membatasi komunikasi dengan konteks penyematannya agar frame dapat mengakses data lintas situs tanpa membagikannya dengan konteks penyematan.

Beberapa Privacy Sandbox API mungkin mewajibkan dokumen tertentu untuk dirender dalam frame dengan fence. Pelajari proposal Frame dengan Fence lebih lanjut.

Pelacakan Sidik Jari

Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.

Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.

Permukaan pelacakan sidik jari

A fingerprinting surface is something that can be used (probably in combination with other surfaces) to identify a particular user or device.

For example, the navigator.userAgent() JavaScript method and the User-Agent HTTP request header provide access to a fingerprinting surface (the User-Agent string).

Pihak pertama

First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.

For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called first-party cookies.

See also Third-party.

Cookie pihak pertama

A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.

For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.

I2E

Intent to Experiment (I2E) is the announcement of a plan to make a new Blink feature available to users for testing, typically through an origin trial.

I2EE

Eksperimen Intent untuk Memperluas (I2EE) adalah pengumuman rencana untuk memperpanjang durasi uji coba origin.

I2P

Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.

I2S

Intent to Ship (I2S) is an announcement of a plan to make a new feature of Blink available to users in stable versions of Chrome.

Tayangan

Impression could refer to either:

• View of an ad. See also click-through rate.
• An ad slot: the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) on a web page where an ad can be displayed. Ad slots constitute inventory.

Periklanan menurut minat (PMM)

Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.

Grup minat

In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.

Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.

Inventaris

Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) where ads can be displayed.

k-anonymity

K-anonimitas adalah ukuran anonimitas dalam {i>dataset<i}. Jika memiliki anonimitas k, Anda tidak dapat dibedakan dari k-1 individu lain dalam set data. Dengan kata lain, k individu memiliki informasi yang sama (termasuk Anda).

Derau dan Penskalaan

Derau statistik yang ditambahkan ke laporan ringkasan selama proses agregasi untuk menjaga privasi dan memastikan laporan akhir memberikan informasi pengukuran anonim.

Baca selengkapnya tentang mekanisme derau tambahan, yang diambil dari distribusi Laplace.

Nonce

{i>Nonce<i} adalah nomor arbitrer yang hanya digunakan satu kali dalam komunikasi kriptografi.

Asal

An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.

For example: https://developer.chrome.com

Uji coba origin

Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.

When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.

Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.

Platform pasif

Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.

Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.

The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.

Protected Audience API

The Protected Audience API is the new name for the FLEDGE API.

Penerbit

In the Privacy Sandbox context, a publisher is a site with ad space that is paid to display ads.

Jangkauan

Jangkauan menunjukkan jumlah total orang yang melihat iklan atau mengunjungi halaman web yang menampilkan iklan tersebut.

Bidding real-time (RTB)

Real-time bidding refers to an automated auction for buying and selling ad impressions on websites, completed during page load.

Pemasaran Ulang

Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.

For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.

Asal pelaporan

Entitas yang menerima laporan agregat—dengan kata lain, Anda atau teknologi iklan yang memanggil Attribution Reporting API. Laporan agregat dikirim dari perangkat pengguna ke URL terkenal yang terkait dengan asal pelaporan. Asal pelaporan ditetapkan selama pendaftaran.

Faktor penskalaan

Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.

Penjual

A seller is the party running an ad auction, likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself.

ID bersama

Nilai yang dihitung yang terdiri dari shared_info, reporting_origin, destination_site (khusus Attribution Reporting API), source_registration-time (khusus Attribution Reporting API), scheduled_report_time, dan versi.

Beberapa laporan yang memiliki atribut yang sama di kolom shared_info harus memiliki ID bersama yang sama. ID bersama memainkan peran penting dalam Akuntansi Laporan Agregat.

Baca selengkapnya tentang Server Tepercaya.

Situs

Situs setara dengan eTLD+1 beserta skema (protokol).

Lihat juga Domain Level Teratas.

Partisi penyimpanan

Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.

Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.

Laporan ringkasan

Jenis laporan Attribution Reporting API dan Private Aggregation API. Laporan ringkasan menyertakan data pengguna gabungan, dan dapat berisi data konversi mendetail dengan derau yang ditambahkan. Laporan ringkasan terdiri dari laporan gabungan. Pelaporan ini memungkinkan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar dan memberikan model data yang lebih lengkap daripada pelaporan tingkat peristiwa, terutama untuk beberapa kasus penggunaan seperti nilai konversi.

Platform sisi suplai, Platform sisi jual

A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.

Platform

Surface. See Fingerprinting surface and Passive surface.

Pihak ketiga

Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.

For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an iframe). See also First-party.

Cookie pihak ketiga

Cookie pihak ketiga adalah cookie yang disimpan oleh layanan pihak ketiga.

Misalnya, situs video mungkin menyertakan tombol Tonton Nanti pada pemutar tersemat untuk memungkinkan pengguna menambahkan video ke wishlist tanpa memaksa mereka membuka situs video.

Lihat juga Cookie pihak pertama.

Domain level teratas (TLD)

Top-level domains such as .com and .org are listed in the Root Zone Database.

See also eTLD, site.

Topik

A topic is a human-readable topic of interest of a user and is part of the Topics taxonomy.

Taksonomi topik

The Topics taxonomy is a public, human-curated, human-readable hierarchy of categories that the Topics API uses to represent users' interests.

Trusted Execution Environment (TEE)

Konfigurasi hardware dan software komputer yang aman yang memungkinkan pihak eksternal memverifikasi versi software yang tepat yang berjalan di komputer tanpa takut terekspos. TEE memungkinkan pihak eksternal memverifikasi bahwa software melakukan fungsi persis seperti yang diklaim oleh produsen software tersebut—tidak lebih dan tidak kurang.

Untuk mempelajari TEE yang digunakan untuk proposal Privacy Sandbox lebih lanjut, baca penjelasan layanan Protected Audience API dan penjelasan Layanan Agregasi.

Petunjuk Klien Agen Pengguna (UA-CH)

User-agent client hints provide specific pieces of the User-Agent string on explicit request. This helps reduce passive surfaces in the User-Agent string which may lead to user identification or covert tracking.

UA-CH is sometimes referred to as "Client Hints."

String Agen Pengguna

A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.

.well-known

.well-known adalah file yang digunakan untuk menambahkan pengalihan ke situs dari URL standar.

Misalnya, pengelola sandi dapat memudahkan pengguna memperbarui sandi jika situs menetapkan pengalihan dari /.well-known/change-password ke halaman ubah sandi situs.

Selain itu, ada baiknya mengakses kebijakan atau informasi lain tentang host sebelum membuat permintaan. Misalnya, robots.txt memberi tahu crawler web halaman mana yang perlu dikunjungi dan halaman mana yang diabaikan. IETF RFC8615 menguraikan cara standar agar metadata seluruh situs dapat diakses di lokasi standar dalam subdirektori /.well-known/.

Lihat daftar rekomendasi untuk .well-known di iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.

Worklet

A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.

Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.