Glossario di Privacy Sandbox

Gli articoli e la documentazione di Privacy Sandbox presuppongono la conoscenza di concetti relativi a privacy, pubblicità e sviluppo web. Questo glossario spiega i termini chiave relativi a Privacy Sandbox.

Asta di annunci (API Protected Audience)

In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.

Creatività dell'annuncio, creatività

Per creatività dell'annuncio si intende il contenuto dell'annuncio offerto agli utenti. Le creatività possono essere immagini, video, audio e altri formati. Le creatività risiedono all'interno di uno spazio pubblicitario e vengono pubblicate dagli ad tech all'interno degli elementi pubblicitari.

Ad Exchange

An ad exchange is a platform to automate buying and selling of ad inventory from multiple ad networks.

Inventario pubblicitario, spazio pubblicitario

Ad inventory space is the space or spaces for ads that are available from a site that sells ad space.

Piattaforma pubblicitaria (ad tech)

Una piattaforma pubblicitaria è un'azienda che fornisce servizi per pubblicare annunci.

Inserzionista

An advertiser is a company that pays to advertise its products.

Contabilità dei report aggregabili

A distributed ledger, located in both coordinators, that tracks the allocated privacy budget and enforces the 'No Duplicates' rule. This is the privacy preserving mechanism, located and run within coordinators, that ensures no reports pass through the Aggregation Service beyond the allocated privacy budget.

Read more on how batching strategies relate to aggregatable reports.

Budget contabile dei report aggregabili

Riferimenti al budget che garantiscono che i singoli report non vengano elaborati più volte.

Report aggregabili

Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.

Learn more about aggregatable reports.

Servizio di aggregazione

Un servizio gestito da ad tech che elabora report aggregabili per creare un report di riepilogo.

Scopri di più sulla storia del Servizio di aggregazione nel nostro articolo esplicativo e nell'elenco completo dei termini.

Chiamata API

An API caller is an entity, such as an app, a third-party SDK, or a website, that makes a request to the Topics API to access a user's interests.

Attestazione

Un meccanismo per autenticare l'identità del software, in genere con hash crittografici o firme. Per la proposta di servizio di aggregazione, l'attestazione corrisponde al codice eseguito nel servizio di aggregazione gestito da ad tech con il codice open source.

Scopri di più sull'attestazione.

Attribuzione

Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.

For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.

Blink is the rendering engine used by Chrome, developed as part of the Chromium project.

Responsabile acquisti

A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.

Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.

Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.

Cromo

Chromium is an open-source web browser project. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera and other browsers are based on Chromium.

Conversione clickthrough (CTC)

A click-through conversion is a conversion attributed to an ad that was clicked.

Percentuale di clic (CTR)

La percentuale di clic è il rapporto tra gli utenti che hanno fatto clic su un annuncio e lo hanno visualizzato.

Vedi anche impression.

Contributo di legame

Aggregatable reports may contain an arbitrary number of counter increments. For example, a report may contain a count of products that a user has viewed on an advertiser's site. The sum of increments in all aggregatable reports related to a single source event must not exceed a given limit, such as L1=2^16 (65,536).

Learn more in the aggregatable reports explainer.

Conversione

A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.

For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.

A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.

For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.

Coordinatore

Persone giuridiche responsabili della gestione delle chiavi e della contabilità dei report aggregabili. Un coordinatore gestisce un elenco di hash delle configurazioni del servizio di aggregazione approvate e configura l'accesso alle chiavi di decrittografia.

Dati approssimativi

Coarse data refers to limited information provided by Attribution Reporting API event-level reports. This is limited to 3 pieces of conversion data for clicks and 1 piece for views. Specific, granular conversion data (such as specific prices of items and timestamps) are not included.

Piattaforma di gestione dei dati (Data Management Platform, DMP)

A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.

Learn more about DMPs.

Demand-Side Platform (DSP)

A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.

Privacy differenziale

La privacy differenziale si riferisce alle tecniche per consentire la condivisione di informazioni su un set di dati al fine di rivelare modelli di comportamento senza rivelare informazioni private sulle persone o sull'appartenenza al set di dati.

Dominio

Domain. See Top-Level Domain and eTLD.

Entropia

Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.

Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.

Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.

Epoca

In the Topics API, an epoch is the period of time during which the browser infers topics for a user based on their browsing activity. It is currently set to one week.

eTLD, eTLD+1

eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.

For example:

co.uk 
github.io 
glitch.me

Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.

See also Top-Level Domain.

Report a livello di evento

Event-level reports associate a particular ad click or view (on the ad side) with data on the conversion side. To preserve user privacy by limiting the joining of user identity across sites, conversion-side data is very limited, and the data is noisy.

API Federated Credential Management (FedCM)

Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.

FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.

Identità federata (accesso federato)

L'identità federata è una piattaforma di terze parti che consente a un utente di accedere a un sito web senza richiedere al sito di implementare il proprio servizio di identità.

Cornice delimitata

A (<fencedframe>) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to an iframe. Unlike iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding context.

Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.

Fingerprinting

Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.

Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.

Superficie per il fingerprinting

A fingerprinting surface is something that can be used (probably in combination with other surfaces) to identify a particular user or device.

For example, the navigator.userAgent() JavaScript method and the User-Agent HTTP request header provide access to a fingerprinting surface (the User-Agent string).

Proprietaria

First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.

For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called first-party cookies.

See also Third-party.

A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.

For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.

I2E

Intent to Experiment (I2E) is the announcement of a plan to make a new Blink feature available to users for testing, typically through an origin trial.

I2EE

Intent to Extend Experiment (I2EE) is an announcement of a plan to extend the duration of an origin trial.

I2P

Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.

I2S

Intent to Ship (I2S) is an announcement of a plan to make a new feature of Blink available to users in stable versions of Chrome.

Impressione

Impression could refer to either:

  • View of an ad. See also click-through rate.
  • An ad slot: the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) on a web page where an ad can be displayed. Ad slots constitute inventory.

Pubblicità basata sugli interessi (IBA)

Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.

Gruppo di interesse

In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.

Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.

Inventario

Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) where ads can be displayed.

k-anonymity

K-anonymity is the measure of anonymity within a data set. If you have k anonymity, you can't be distinguished from k-1 other individuals in the data set. In other words, k individuals have the same information (including you).

Rumore e scalabilità

Rumore statistico aggiunto ai report di riepilogo durante la procedura di aggregazione per preservare la privacy e garantire che i report finali forniscano informazioni di misurazione anonimizzate.

Scopri di più sul meccanismo di rumore additivo, che viene estratto dalla distribuzione di Laplace.

Nonce

A nonce is an arbitrary number used only once in cryptographic communication.

Origine

An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.

For example: https://developer.chrome.com

Prova dell'origine

Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.

When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.

Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.

Superficie passiva

Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.

Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.

The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.

API Protected Audience

The Protected Audience API is the new name for the FLEDGE API.

Publisher

In the Privacy Sandbox context, a publisher is a site with ad space that is paid to display ads.

Copertura

Reach represents the total number of people who see an ad or who visit a web page that displays the ad.

Offerte in tempo reale (RTB)

Real-time bidding refers to an automated auction for buying and selling ad impressions on websites, completed during page load.

Remarketing

Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.

For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.

Origine report

L'entità che riceve i report aggregabili, in altre parole tu o un fornitore di tecnologia pubblicitaria che ha chiamato l'API Attribution Reporting. I report aggregabili vengono inviati dai dispositivi degli utenti a un URL noto associato all'origine del report. L'origine report viene designata durante la registrazione.

Fattore di proporzione

Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.

Venditore

A seller is the party running an ad auction, likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself.

ID condiviso

Un valore calcolato composto da shared_info, reporting_origin, destination_site (solo per l'API Attribution Reporting), source_registration-time (solo per l'API Attribution Reporting), scheduled_report_time e la versione.

Più report che condividono gli stessi attributi nel campo shared_info devono avere lo stesso ID condiviso. Gli ID condivisi svolgono un ruolo importante nel reporting aggregabile.

Scopri di più sui server attendibili.

Sito

A site is equivalent to an eTLD+1 along with a scheme (protocol).

See also Top-Level Domain.

Partizionamento dello spazio di archiviazione

Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.

Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.

Report di riepilogo

Un tipo di report dell'API Attribution Reporting e dell'API Private Aggregation. Un report di riepilogo include dati utente aggregati e può contenere dati sulle conversioni dettagliati con informazioni aggiuntive. I report di riepilogo sono costituiti da report aggregati. Offrono una maggiore flessibilità e forniscono un modello di dati più completo rispetto ai report a livello di evento, in particolare per alcuni casi d'uso come i valori di conversione.

Supply-Side Platform, Sell-Side Platform

A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.

Piattaforma

Surface. See Fingerprinting surface and Passive surface.

Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.

For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an iframe). See also First-party.

A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.

For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.

See also First-party cookie.

Dominio di primo livello (TLD)

Top-level domains such as .com and .org are listed in the Root Zone Database.

See also eTLD, site.

Argomento

A topic is a human-readable topic of interest of a user and is part of the Topics taxonomy.

Tassonomia di Topics

The Topics taxonomy is a public, human-curated, human-readable hierarchy of categories that the Topics API uses to represent users' interests.

Trusted Execution Environment (TEE)

Una configurazione sicura dell'hardware e del software del computer che consente a terze parti di verificare le versioni esatte del software in esecuzione sulla macchina senza temere l'esposizione. I TEE consentono a terze parti di verificare che il software faccia esattamente ciò che afferma il produttore, né più né meno.

Per scoprire di più sui TEE utilizzati per le proposte di Privacy Sandbox, leggi la spiegazione dei servizi dell'API Protected Audience e la spiegazione del servizio di aggregazione.

Client hint dello user agent (UA-CH)

User-agent client hints provide specific pieces of the User-Agent string on explicit request. This helps reduce passive surfaces in the User-Agent string which may lead to user identification or covert tracking.

UA-CH is sometimes referred to as "Client Hints."

Stringa user agent

A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.

.well-known

.well-known is a file used to add redirects to a website from standardized URLs.

For example, password managers can make it easier for users to update passwords if a website sets a redirect from /.well-known/change-password to the change password page of the site.

In addition, it can be useful to access policy or other information about a host before making a request. For example, robots.txt tells web crawlers which pages to visit and which pages to ignore. IETF RFC8615 outlines a standardized way to make site-wide metadata accessible in standard locations in a /.well-known/ subdirectory.

See a list of recommendations for .well-known at iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.

Worklet

A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.

Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.