Glosarium Privacy Sandbox

Artikel dan dokumentasi Privacy Sandbox mengasumsikan pengetahuan tentang konsep dari privasi, iklan, dan pengembangan web. Glosarium ini menjelaskan istilah utama terkait Privacy Sandbox.

Lelang iklan (Protected Audience API)

In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.

Materi iklan, materi iklan

Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.

Ad exchange

Ad Exchange adalah platform untuk mengotomatiskan pembelian dan penjualan inventaris iklan dari beberapa jaringan iklan.

Inventaris iklan, ruang iklan

Ad inventory space is the space or spaces for ads that are available from a site that sells ad space.

Platform iklan (Teknologi iklan)

An ad platform is a company that provides services to deliver ads.

Pengiklan

Pengiklan adalah perusahaan yang membayar untuk mengiklankan produknya.

Akuntansi laporan agregat

Ledger terdistribusi, yang terletak di kedua koordinator, yang melacak anggaran privasi yang dialokasikan dan menerapkan aturan'Tidak Ada Duplikat'. Ini adalah mekanisme perlindungan privasi, yang terletak dan dijalankan dalam koordinator, yang memastikan tidak ada laporan yang melewati Layanan Agregasi di luar anggaran privasi yang dialokasikan.

Baca selengkapnya tentang hubungan strategi pengelompokan dengan laporan agregat.

Anggaran akuntansi laporan agregat

References to the budget that ensures individual reports are not processed more than once.

Laporan agregat

Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.

Learn more about aggregatable reports.

Layanan agregasi

An ad tech-operated service that processes aggregatable reports to create a summary report.

Read more about the Aggregation Service backstory in our explainer and the full terms list.

Pemanggil API

An API caller is an entity, such as an app, a third-party SDK, or a website, that makes a request to the Topics API to access a user's interests.

Pengesahan

Mekanisme untuk mengautentikasi identitas software, biasanya dengan hash kriptografis atau tanda tangan. Untuk proposal layanan agregasi, pengesahan mencocokkan kode yang berjalan di layanan agregasi yang dioperasikan teknologi iklan Anda dengan kode open source.

Baca selengkapnya tentang pengesahan.

Atribusi

Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.

For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.

Blink

Blink is the rendering engine used by Chrome, developed as part of the Chromium project.

Reseller

A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.

Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.

Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.

Kromium

Chromium is an open-source web browser project. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera and other browsers are based on Chromium.

Konversi klik-tayang (CTC)

A click-through conversion is a conversion attributed to an ad that was clicked.

Rasio klik-tayang (CTR)

The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.

See also impression.

Ikatan kontribusi

Aggregatable reports may contain an arbitrary number of counter increments. For example, a report may contain a count of products that a user has viewed on an advertiser's site. The sum of increments in all aggregatable reports related to a single source event must not exceed a given limit, such as L1=2^16 (65,536).

Learn more in the aggregatable reports explainer.

Konversi

A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.

For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.

Cookie

A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.

For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.

Koordinator

Entities responsible for key management and aggregatable report accounting. A Coordinator maintains a list of hashes of approved aggregation service configurations and configures access to decryption keys.

Data kasar

Coarse data refers to limited information provided by Attribution Reporting API event-level reports. This is limited to 3 pieces of conversion data for clicks and 1 piece for views. Specific, granular conversion data (such as specific prices of items and timestamps) are not included.

Platform pengelolaan data (DMP)

A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.

Learn more about DMPs.

Platform sisi permintaan (DSP)

A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.

Privasi diferensial

Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.

Domain

Domain. See Top-Level Domain and eTLD.

Entropi

Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.

Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.

Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.

Epoch

Di Topics API, epoch adalah periode waktu saat browser menyimpulkan topik untuk pengguna berdasarkan aktivitas penjelajahannya. Saat ini disetel ke satu minggu.

eTLD, eTLD+1

eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.

For example:

co.uk 
github.io 
glitch.me

Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.

See also Top-Level Domain.

Laporan tingkat peristiwa

Laporan tingkat peristiwa mengaitkan klik atau tampilan iklan tertentu (di sisi iklan) dengan data di sisi konversi. Untuk menjaga privasi pengguna dengan membatasi penggabungan identitas pengguna di seluruh situs, data sisi konversi sangat terbatas, dan datanya berisik.

Federated Credential Management API (FedCM)

Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.

FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.

Identitas gabungan (login gabungan)

Federated identity is a third-party platform to allow a user to sign in to a website, without requiring the site to implement their own identity service.

Bingkai dengan fence

A (<fencedframe>) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to an iframe. Unlike iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding context.

Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.

Pelacakan Sidik Jari

Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.

Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.

Permukaan pelacakan sidik jari

Platform pelacakan sidik jari adalah sesuatu yang dapat digunakan (mungkin bersama dengan platform lain) untuk mengidentifikasi pengguna atau perangkat tertentu.

Misalnya, metode JavaScript navigator.userAgent() dan header permintaan HTTP User-Agent menyediakan akses ke platform pelacakan sidik jari (string Agen Pengguna).

Pihak pertama

First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.

For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called first-party cookies.

See also Third-party.

Cookie pihak pertama

Cookie pihak pertama adalah cookie yang disimpan oleh situs saat pengguna berada di situs itu sendiri.

Misalnya, toko online mungkin meminta browser untuk menyimpan cookie guna mempertahankan detail keranjang belanja bagi pengguna yang tidak login. Lihat juga Cookie pihak ketiga.

I2E

Intent to Experiment (I2E) is the announcement of a plan to make a new Blink feature available to users for testing, typically through an origin trial.

I2EE

Intent to Extend Experiment (I2EE) is an announcement of a plan to extend the duration of an origin trial.

I2P

Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.

I2S

Intent to Ship (I2S) is an announcement of a plan to make a new feature of Blink available to users in stable versions of Chrome.

Tayangan

Tayangan dapat mengacu pada:

• Tampilan iklan. Lihat juga rasio klik-tayang.
• Slot iklan: markup HTML (biasanya tag <div>) di halaman web tempat iklan dapat ditampilkan. Slot iklan merupakan inventaris.

Periklanan menurut minat (PMM)

Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.

Grup minat

In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.

Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.

Inventaris

Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) where ads can be displayed.

k-anonymity

K-anonymity is the measure of anonymity within a data set. If you have k anonymity, you can't be distinguished from k-1 other individuals in the data set. In other words, k individuals have the same information (including you).

Derau dan Penskalaan

Statistical noise that is added to summary reports during the aggregation process to preserve privacy and ensure the final reports provide anonymized measurement information.

Read more about additive noise mechanism, which is drawn from Laplace distribution.

Nonce

A nonce is an arbitrary number used only once in cryptographic communication.

Asal

An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.

For example: https://developer.chrome.com

Uji coba origin

Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.

When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.

Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.

Platform pasif

Platform pasif adalah platform sidik jari—seperti string Agen Pengguna, alamat IP, dan header Accept-Language—yang tersedia untuk setiap situs, baik situs memintanya atau tidak.

Platform pasif dapat dengan mudah menghabiskan anggaran privasi situs.

Inisiatif Privacy Sandbox mengusulkan penggantian platform pasif dengan cara aktif untuk mendapatkan informasi tertentu, misalnya menggunakan Petunjuk Klien satu kali untuk mendapatkan bahasa pengguna, bukan menggunakan header Accept-Language untuk setiap respons ke setiap server.

Protected Audience API

The Protected Audience API is the new name for the FLEDGE API.

Penerbit

In the Privacy Sandbox context, a publisher is a site with ad space that is paid to display ads.

Jangkauan

Jangkauan menunjukkan jumlah total orang yang melihat iklan atau mengunjungi halaman web yang menampilkan iklan tersebut.

Bidding real-time (RTB)

Real-time bidding refers to an automated auction for buying and selling ad impressions on websites, completed during page load.

Pemasaran Ulang

Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.

For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.

Asal pelaporan

The entity that receives aggregatable reports—in other words, you or an ad tech that called the Attribution Reporting API. Aggregatable reports are sent from user devices to a well-known URL associated with the reporting origin. The reporting origin is designated during enrollment.

Faktor penskalaan

Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.

Penjual

A seller is the party running an ad auction, likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself.

ID bersama

Nilai yang dihitung yang terdiri dari shared_info, reporting_origin, destination_site (khusus Attribution Reporting API), source_registration-time (khusus Attribution Reporting API), scheduled_report_time, dan versi.

Beberapa laporan yang memiliki atribut yang sama di kolom shared_info harus memiliki ID bersama yang sama. ID bersama memainkan peran penting dalam Akuntansi Laporan Agregat.

Baca selengkapnya tentang Server Tepercaya.

Situs

A site is equivalent to an eTLD+1 along with a scheme (protocol).

See also Top-Level Domain.

Partisi penyimpanan

Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.

Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.

Laporan ringkasan

Jenis laporan Attribution Reporting API dan Private Aggregation API. Laporan ringkasan menyertakan data pengguna gabungan, dan dapat berisi data konversi mendetail dengan derau yang ditambahkan. Laporan ringkasan terdiri dari laporan gabungan. Pelaporan ini memungkinkan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar dan memberikan model data yang lebih lengkap daripada pelaporan tingkat peristiwa, terutama untuk beberapa kasus penggunaan seperti nilai konversi.

Platform sisi suplai, Platform sisi jual

A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.

Platform

Surface. See Fingerprinting surface and Passive surface.

Pihak ketiga

Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.

For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an iframe). See also First-party.

Cookie pihak ketiga

A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.

For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.

See also First-party cookie.

Domain level teratas (TLD)

Top-level domains such as .com and .org are listed in the Root Zone Database.

See also eTLD, site.

Topik

A topic is a human-readable topic of interest of a user and is part of the Topics taxonomy.

Taksonomi topik

The Topics taxonomy is a public, human-curated, human-readable hierarchy of categories that the Topics API uses to represent users' interests.

Trusted Execution Environment (TEE)

A secure configuration of computer hardware and software that allows external parties to verify the exact versions of software running on the machine without fear of exposure. TEEs allow external parties to verify that the software does exactly what the software manufacturer claims it does—nothing more or less.

To learn more about TEEs used for the Privacy Sandbox proposals, read the Protected Audience API services explainer and the Aggregation Service explainer.

Petunjuk Klien Agen Pengguna (UA-CH)

Petunjuk klien agen pengguna memberikan bagian tertentu dari string Agen Pengguna pada permintaan eksplisit. Hal ini membantu mengurangi platform pasif di string Agen Pengguna yang dapat menyebabkan identifikasi pengguna atau pelacakan tersembunyi.

UA-CH terkadang disebut sebagai "Petunjuk Klien".

String Agen Pengguna

A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.

.well-known

.well-known adalah file yang digunakan untuk menambahkan pengalihan ke situs dari URL standar.

Misalnya, pengelola sandi dapat memudahkan pengguna memperbarui sandi jika situs menetapkan pengalihan dari /.well-known/change-password ke halaman ubah sandi situs.

Selain itu, ada baiknya mengakses kebijakan atau informasi lain tentang host sebelum membuat permintaan. Misalnya, robots.txt memberi tahu crawler web halaman mana yang perlu dikunjungi dan halaman mana yang diabaikan. IETF RFC8615 menguraikan cara standar agar metadata seluruh situs dapat diakses di lokasi standar dalam subdirektori /.well-known/.

Lihat daftar rekomendasi untuk .well-known di iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.

Worklet

A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.

Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.