مسرد "مبادرة حماية الخصوصية"

تعتمد مقالات ووثائق "مبادرة حماية الخصوصية" على معرفة المفاهيم المتعلّقة بالخصوصية والإعلان وتطوير الويب. يوضّح مسرد المصطلحات هذا المصطلحات الرئيسية المتعلّقة بـ "مبادرة حماية الخصوصية".

مزاد الإعلانات (Protected Audience API)

In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.

تصميم الإعلان

يشير تصميم الإعلان إلى محتوى الإعلان المعروض للمستخدمين. يمكن أن تكون تصميمات الإعلانات صورًا ومقاطع فيديو وصوتية وتنسيقات أخرى. تكون تصميمات الإعلانات داخل مساحة إعلانية، ويتم عرضها من خلال تكنولوجيا الإعلانات ضمن العناصر.

Ad Exchange

An ad exchange is a platform to automate buying and selling of ad inventory from multiple ad networks.

المساحات الإعلانية

Ad inventory space is the space or spaces for ads that are available from a site that sells ad space.

المنصة الإعلانية (تكنولوجيا الإعلان)

An ad platform is a company that provides services to deliver ads.

المعلِن

المعلن هو شركة تدفع للإعلان عن منتجاتها.

احتساب التقارير القابلة للتجميع

A distributed ledger, located in both coordinators, that tracks the allocated privacy budget and enforces the 'No Duplicates' rule. This is the privacy preserving mechanism, located and run within coordinators, that ensures no reports pass through the Aggregation Service beyond the allocated privacy budget.

Read more on how batching strategies relate to aggregatable reports.

ميزانية محاسبية للتقارير القابلة للتجميع

References to the budget that ensures individual reports are not processed more than once.

التقارير القابلة للتجميع

Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.

Learn more about aggregatable reports.

خدمة تجميع البيانات

An ad tech-operated service that processes aggregatable reports to create a summary report.

Read more about the Aggregation Service backstory in our explainer and the full terms list.

المُرسِل لطلب بيانات من واجهة برمجة التطبيقات

An API caller is an entity, such as an app, a third-party SDK, or a website, that makes a request to the Topics API to access a user's interests.

الإقرار

A mechanism to authenticate software identity, usually with cryptographic hashes or signatures. For the aggregation service proposal, attestation matches the code running in your ad tech-operated aggregation service with the open source code.

Read more about attestation.

تحديد المصدر

Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.

For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.

Blink

Blink هو محرك العرض الذي يستخدمه Chrome، وقد تم تطويره كجزء من مشروع Chromium.

مشتري

A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.

Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.

Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.

Chromium

Chromium is an open-source web browser project. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera and other browsers are based on Chromium.

الإحالة الناجحة الناتجة عن النقر

A click-through conversion is a conversion attributed to an ad that was clicked.

نسبة النقر إلى الظهور (CTR)

The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.

See also impression.

ضمان المساهمة

Aggregatable reports may contain an arbitrary number of counter increments. For example, a report may contain a count of products that a user has viewed on an advertiser's site. The sum of increments in all aggregatable reports related to a single source event must not exceed a given limit, such as L1=2^16 (65,536).

Learn more in the aggregatable reports explainer.

الإحالة الناجحة

A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.

For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.

ملف تعريف الارتباط

A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.

For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.

منسق

Entities responsible for key management and aggregatable report accounting. A Coordinator maintains a list of hashes of approved aggregation service configurations and configures access to decryption keys.

البيانات غير الدقيقة

تشير البيانات التقريبية إلى معلومات محدودة تقدّمها التقارير على مستوى الحدث في Attribution Reporting API. يقتصر ذلك على 3 أنواع من بيانات الإحالات الناجحة للنقرات وقطعة واحدة طرق العرض. بيانات إحالات ناجحة محدّدة ودقيقة (مثل الأسعار المحدَّدة للسلع والطوابع الزمنية).

منصة إدارة البيانات (DMP)

A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.

Learn more about DMPs.

وسيط عرض الطلب (DSP)

A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.

الخصوصية التفاضلية

Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.

النطاق

Domain. See Top-Level Domain and eTLD.

الإنتروبيا

القصور، في مجال الخصوصية، هو مقياس لمقدار يكشف عنصر من البيانات عن الهوية الفردية.

يُقاس قصور البيانات بالبت. كلما كشفت البيانات عن الهوية، ارتفعت قيمة القصور فيها.

يمكن دمج البيانات لتحديد هوية الفرد، ولكن قد يكون من الصعب معرفة ما إذا كانت البيانات الجديدة تضيف إلى القصور. على سبيل المثال، لا تؤدي معرفة أن الشخص من أستراليا إلى تقليل القصور إذا كنت تعرف بالفعل أن الشخص من جزيرة الكانغارو.

الفترة

In the Topics API, an epoch is the period of time during which the browser infers topics for a user based on their browsing activity. It is currently set to one week.

eTLD وeTLD+1

eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.

For example:

co.uk 
github.io 
glitch.me

Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.

See also Top-Level Domain.

التقرير على مستوى الحدث

Event-level reports associate a particular ad click or view (on the ad side) with data on the conversion side. To preserve user privacy by limiting the joining of user identity across sites, conversion-side data is very limited, and the data is noisy.

Federated Credential Management API ‏ (FedCM)

Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.

FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.

الهوية المتحدّة (تسجيل الدخول الموحّد)

الهوية الموحّدة هي منصة تابعة لجهة خارجية تتيح للمستخدم تسجيل الدخول إلى موقع إلكتروني، بدون الطلب من الموقع الإلكتروني تنفيذ خدمة خاصة به للتحقّق من الهوية.

إطار مضمّن مستقل

A (<fencedframe>) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to an iframe. Unlike iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding context.

Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.

البصمات الرقمية

Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.

Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.

سطح البصمة الرقمية

سطح البصمات هو شيء يمكن استخدامه (على الأرجح مع الأسطح الأخرى) لتحديد مستخدم أو جهاز معين.

على سبيل المثال، يتيح أسلوب JavaScript navigator.userAgent() وعنوان طلب HTTP User-Agent الوصول إلى مساحة عرض الملف المرجعي (سلسلة وكيل المستخدم).

الطرف الأول

First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.

For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called first-party cookies.

See also Third-party.

ملف تعريف ارتباط الطرف الأول

A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.

For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.

I2E

Intent to Experiment (I2E) is the announcement of a plan to make a new Blink feature available to users for testing, typically through an origin trial.

I2EE

Intent to Extend Experiment (I2EE) is an announcement of a plan to extend the duration of an origin trial.

I2P

Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.

I2S

Intent to Ship (I2S) is an announcement of a plan to make a new feature of Blink available to users in stable versions of Chrome.

ظهور

Impression could refer to either:

• View of an ad. See also click-through rate.
• An ad slot: the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) on a web page where an ad can be displayed. Ad slots constitute inventory.

الإعلانات التي تستهدِف الاهتمامات

Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.

مجموعة الاهتمامات المشتركة

In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.

Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.

المخزون

Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) where ads can be displayed.

إخفاء هوية عدد معيّن من المستخدِمين

K-anonymity is the measure of anonymity within a data set. If you have k anonymity, you can't be distinguished from k-1 other individuals in the data set. In other words, k individuals have the same information (including you).

الضوضاء وتغيير الحجم

Statistical noise that is added to summary reports during the aggregation process to preserve privacy and ensure the final reports provide anonymized measurement information.

Read more about additive noise mechanism, which is drawn from Laplace distribution.

رقم عشوائي

A nonce is an arbitrary number used only once in cryptographic communication.

الأصل

An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.

For example: https://developer.chrome.com

مرحلة التجربة والتقييم

Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.

When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.

Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.

المساحة السلبيّة

مساحات العرض غير السلبية هي مساحات عرض بصمة رقمية، مثل سلاسل وكيل المستخدم وعناوين IP وعناوين اللغات المقبولة، وهي متاحة لكل موقع إلكتروني، سواء طلبها الموقع الإلكتروني أم لا.

يمكن أن تستهلك مساحات العرض السلبية ميزانية خصوصية الموقع الإلكتروني بسهولة.

تقترح "مبادرة حماية الخصوصية" استبدال مساحات العرض السلبية بطرق نشطة للحصول على معلومات محدّدة، على سبيل المثال، استخدام Client Hints لمرة واحدة فقط للتعرّف على لغة المستخدِم، بدلاً من تضمين عنوان "Accept-Language" لكل ردّ مخصّص لكل خادم.

Protected Audience API

The Protected Audience API is the new name for the FLEDGE API.

الناشر

In the Privacy Sandbox context, a publisher is a site with ad space that is paid to display ads.

الوصول إلى الجمهور

Reach represents the total number of people who see an ad or who visit a web page that displays the ad.

عروض الأسعار في الوقت الفعلي

Real-time bidding refers to an automated auction for buying and selling ad impressions on websites, completed during page load.

تجديد النشاط التسويقي

Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.

For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.

مصدر الإبلاغ

الكيان الذي يتلقّى تقارير قابلة للتجميع، أي أنت أو تكنولوجيا الإعلان التي طلبت استخدام Attribution Reporting API. يتم إرسال التقارير القابلة للتجميع من أجهزة المستخدمين إلى عنوان URL معروف مرتبط بمصدر إعداد التقارير. يتم تحديد مصدر إعداد التقارير أثناء التسجيل.

عامل القياس

Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.

البائع

A seller is the party running an ad auction, likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself.

رقم التعريف المشترَك

A computed value that consists of shared_info, reporting_origin, destination_site (for Attribution Reporting API only), source_registration-time (for Attribution Reporting API only), scheduled_report_time, and version.

Multiple reports that share the same attributes in the shared_info field should have the same shared ID. Shared IDs play an important role within Aggregatable Report Accounting.

Read more about Trusted Servers.

الموقع الإلكتروني

A site is equivalent to an eTLD+1 along with a scheme (protocol).

See also Top-Level Domain.

تقسيم مساحة التخزين

Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.

Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.

التقرير الموجز

An Attribution Reporting API and Private Aggregation API report type. A summary report includes aggregated user data, and can contain detailed conversion data with noise added. Summary reports are made up of aggregate reports. They allow for greater flexibility and provide a richer data model than event-level reporting, particularly for some use-cases like conversion values.

وسيط عرض إعلانات المورّدين، وسيط عرض المبيعات

A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.

مساحات العرض

السطح راجِع سطح بصمات الأصابع والسطح السلبي.

جهة خارجية

يشير الطرف الثالث إلى الموارد المعروضة من نطاق مختلف عن موقع الويب الذي تزوره.

على سبيل المثال، قد يستخدم foo.com على الموقع الإلكتروني رمز إحصاءات من google-analytics.com (عبر JavaScript) وخطوطًا من use.typekit.net (من خلال عنصر رابط) وفيديو من vimeo.com (في إطار iframe). يُرجى أيضًا مراجعة طرف الطرف الأول.

ملف تعريف ارتباط تابع لجهة خارجية

A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.

For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.

See also First-party cookie.

نطاق المستوى الأعلى (TLD)

Top-level domains such as .com and .org are listed in the Root Zone Database.

See also eTLD, site.

الموضوع

A topic is a human-readable topic of interest of a user and is part of the Topics taxonomy.

تصنيف المواضيع

The Topics taxonomy is a public, human-curated, human-readable hierarchy of categories that the Topics API uses to represent users' interests.

بيئة التنفيذ الموثوقة (TEE)

A secure configuration of computer hardware and software that allows external parties to verify the exact versions of software running on the machine without fear of exposure. TEEs allow external parties to verify that the software does exactly what the software manufacturer claims it does—nothing more or less.

To learn more about TEEs used for the Privacy Sandbox proposals, read the Protected Audience API services explainer and the Aggregation Service explainer.

User-Agent Client Hints (UA-CH)

توفِّر تلميحات برنامج وكيل المستخدم أجزاء معيّنة من سلسلة وكيل المستخدم عند الطلب الصريح. يساعد ذلك في تقليل مساحات العرض السلبية في سلسلة وكيل المستخدم، ما قد يؤدّي إلى تحديد هوية المستخدم أو التتبُّع المخفي.

يُشار أحيانًا إلى UA-CH باسم "Client Hints".

سلسلة User-Agent

A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.

‎.well-known

.well-known is a file used to add redirects to a website from standardized URLs.

For example, password managers can make it easier for users to update passwords if a website sets a redirect from /.well-known/change-password to the change password page of the site.

In addition, it can be useful to access policy or other information about a host before making a request. For example, robots.txt tells web crawlers which pages to visit and which pages to ignore. IETF RFC8615 outlines a standardized way to make site-wide metadata accessible in standard locations in a /.well-known/ subdirectory.

See a list of recommendations for .well-known at iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.

تطبيقات مصغّرة

تسمح لك الوظيفة الصغيرة بتشغيل دوال JavaScript محدّدة وعرض المعلومات مرة أخرى على مقدِّم الطلب. في الوظيفة الصغيرة، يمكنك تنفيذ JavaScript ولكن لا يمكنك التفاعل مع الصفحة الخارجية أو الاتصال بها.

يتم استخدام حِزم العمل لتخزين البيانات واستخراجها باستخدام Shared Storage API.