Privacy Sandbox 文章和文档假定读者了解隐私保护、广告和 Web 开发方面的概念。本术语表介绍了与 Privacy Sandbox 相关的关键术语。
广告竞价 (Protected Audience API)
In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.
广告素材
Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.
Ad Exchange
An ad exchange is a platform to automate buying and selling of ad inventory from multiple ad networks.
广告资源、广告空间
广告资源空间是指销售广告空间的网站提供的广告空间。
广告平台（广告技术平台）
广告平台是指提供广告投放服务的公司。
广告客户
An advertiser is a company that pays to advertise its products.
可汇总报告的会计核算
A distributed ledger, located in both coordinators, that tracks the allocated privacy budget and enforces the 'No Duplicates' rule. This is the privacy preserving mechanism, located and run within coordinators, that ensures no reports pass through the Aggregation Service beyond the allocated privacy budget.
Read more on how batching strategies relate to aggregatable reports.
可汇总报告的会计核算预算
References to the budget that ensures individual reports are not processed more than once.
可汇总的报告
Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.
Learn more about aggregatable reports.
汇总服务
An ad tech-operated service that processes aggregatable reports to create a summary report.
Read more about the Aggregation Service backstory in our explainer and the full terms list.
API 调用方
An API caller is an entity, such as an app, a third-party SDK, or a website, that makes a request to the Topics API to access a user's interests.
证明
A mechanism to authenticate software identity, usually with cryptographic hashes or signatures. For the aggregation service proposal, attestation matches the code running in your ad tech-operated aggregation service with the open source code.
归因
Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.
For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.
Blink
Blink 是 Chrome 使用的渲染引擎，作为 Chromium 项目的一部分开发。
采购员
A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.
Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.
Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.
Chromium
Chromium 是一个开源网络浏览器项目。Chrome、Microsoft Edge、Opera 等 浏览器都基于 Chromium
点击型转化 (CTC)
点击型转化是指归因于用户点击的广告的转化。
点击率 (CTR)
The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.
See also impression.
贡献绑定
Aggregatable reports may contain an arbitrary number of counter increments. For
example, a report may contain a count of products that a user has viewed on an
advertiser's site. The sum of increments in all aggregatable reports related to
a single source event must not exceed a given limit, such as L1=2^16 (65,536).
Learn more in the aggregatable reports explainer.
转化
转化是指用户完成某个期望的目标后。
例如，在点击链接到广告客户网站的广告后，购买产品或注册简报后，可能会发生一次转化。
Cookie
A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.
For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.
协调者
Entities responsible for key management and aggregatable report accounting. A Coordinator maintains a list of hashes of approved aggregation service configurations and configures access to decryption keys.
粗糙数据
粗略数据是指 Attribution Reporting API 事件级报告提供的信息有限。上限为 3 项点击转化数据，1 项用于 观看次数。不包含具体细化的转化数据（例如商品的具体价格和时间戳）。
数据管理平台 (DMP)
A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.
Learn more about DMPs.
需求方平台 (DSP)
需求方平台是一种用于自动执行广告购买的广告技术服务。广告客户可以使用 DSP 在多个发布商网站上购买广告展示。
差分隐私
差分隐私是指通过共享有关数据集的信息来揭示行为模式，而不泄露个体的私密信息或个体是否属于该数据集的技术。
网域
熵
Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.
Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.
Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.
周期
In the Topics API, an epoch is the period of time during which the browser infers topics for a user based on their browsing activity. It is currently set to one week.
eTLD、eTLD+1
eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.
For example:
co.uk
github.io
glitch.me
Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from
bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole
site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.
See also Top-Level Domain.
事件级报告
事件级报告：将（广告端）的特定广告点击或观看与转化端数据相关联。为了通过限制跨网站联接用户身份来保护用户隐私，转化端数据非常有限，并且数据非常嘈杂。
Federated Credential Management API (FedCM)
Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.
FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.
联合身份（联合登录）
联合身份是一个第三方平台，可让用户登录网站，而无需网站实现自己的身份服务。
Fenced frame
A (<fencedframe>) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to
an iframe. Unlike
iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to
allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding
context.
Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.
数字“指纹”收集
Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.
Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.
数字“指纹”收集界面
A fingerprinting surface is something that can be used (probably in combination with other surfaces) to identify a particular user or device.
For example, the navigator.userAgent() JavaScript method and the User-Agent
HTTP request header provide access to a fingerprinting surface (the User-Agent
string).
第一方
First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.
For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and
includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party
resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from
developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called
first-party cookies.
See also Third-party.
第一方 Cookie
A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.
For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.
I2E
Intent to Experiment (I2E) is the announcement of a plan to make a new Blink feature available to users for testing, typically through an origin trial.
I2EE
扩展实验 (I2EE) 的意图是关于延长源试用时长的计划公告。
I2P
Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.
I2S
Intent to Ship (I2S) is an announcement of a plan to make a new feature of Blink available to users in stable versions of Chrome.
展示
展示可能是指：
针对用户兴趣投放广告 (IBA)
针对用户兴趣投放广告 (IBA) 是一种个性化广告形式，即系统会根据用户兴趣（从用户的活动推断出）选择为他们投放的广告，这些活动包括用户最近访问过的网站或在 Android 设备上使用过的应用。这与内容相关广告不同，后者旨在将广告与用户正在查看的内容相匹配。
兴趣群体
In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.
Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.
广告资源
Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div>
tags) where ads can be displayed.
k-匿名性
K-anonymity is the measure of anonymity within a data set. If you have k anonymity, you can't be distinguished from k-1 other individuals in the data set. In other words, k individuals have the same information (including you).
噪声和缩放
Statistical noise that is added to summary reports during the aggregation process to preserve privacy and ensure the final reports provide anonymized measurement information.
Read more about additive noise mechanism, which is drawn from Laplace distribution.
Nonce
Nonce 是在加密通信中仅使用一次的任意数字。
来源
An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.
For example: https://developer.chrome.com
来源试用
Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.
When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.
Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.
被动表面
Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.
Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.
The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.
Protected Audience API
The Protected Audience API is the new name for the FLEDGE API.
发布商
在 Privacy Sandbox 环境中，发布商是一个设有广告空间的网站，可通过付费来展示广告。
覆盖面
Reach represents the total number of people who see an ad or who visit a web page that displays the ad.
实时出价 (RTB)
实时出价是一种自动竞价机制，用于买卖网站上的广告展示，在网页加载期间完成。
再营销
再营销是向曾经在其他网站上访问过您网站的用户投放广告的做法。
例如，网店可以向以前在您的网站上查看过玩具的用户展示玩具促销广告。
报告来源
The entity that receives aggregatable reports—in other words, you or an ad tech that called the Attribution Reporting API. Aggregatable reports are sent from user devices to a well-known URL associated with the reporting origin. The reporting origin is designated during enrollment.
缩放比例
在 Attribution Reporting API 中，缩放系数是指您选择将可汇总值乘以的倍数。调整预算会影响噪声效果和您的贡献预算。
卖家
A seller is the party running an ad auction, likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself.
共享 ID
A computed value that consists of shared_info, reporting_origin,
destination_site (for Attribution Reporting API only),
source_registration-time (for Attribution Reporting API only),
scheduled_report_time, and version.
Multiple reports that share the same attributes in the shared_info
field should have the same shared ID. Shared IDs play an important role within
Aggregatable Report Accounting.
Read more about Trusted Servers.
网站
网站相当于一个 eTLD+1，并包含一个协议。
另请参阅顶级域名。
存储分区
Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.
Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.
摘要报告
An Attribution Reporting API and Private Aggregation API report type. A summary report includes aggregated user data, and can contain detailed conversion data with noise added. Summary reports are made up of aggregate reports. They allow for greater flexibility and provide a richer data model than event-level reporting, particularly for some use-cases like conversion values.
供应方平台、卖方平台
供应方平台是一种用于自动销售广告资源的广告技术服务。SSP 允许发布商将广告资源（用来放置广告的空矩形）提供给多个广告交易平台、DSP 和广告联盟。这样一来，各个潜在买方都可以出价竞争广告空间。
Surface
第三方
Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.
For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from
google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from
use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an
iframe). See also First-party.
第三方 Cookie
A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.
For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.
See also First-party cookie.
顶级域名 (TLD)
根区域数据库中列出了 .com 和 .org 等顶级网域。
主题
“主题”是指简单易懂的用户兴趣主题，是“主题”分类的一部分。
主题分类法
Topics 分类是一个公开的、由人工挑选的、简单易懂的类别层次结构，Topics API 使用该分类来表示用户的兴趣。
可信执行环境 (TEE)
计算机硬件和软件的安全配置，可让外部方验证机器上运行的软件的确切版本，而无需担心信息泄露。通过 TEE，外部方可以确认软件的行为和功能与其制造商声称的完全一致，不多不少。
如需详细了解用于 Privacy Sandbox 方案的 TEE，请参阅 Protected Audience API 服务说明文档和汇总服务说明文档。
用户代理客户端提示 (UA-CH)
User-agent client hints provide specific pieces of the User-Agent string on explicit request. This helps reduce passive surfaces in the User-Agent string which may lead to user identification or covert tracking.
UA-CH is sometimes referred to as "Client Hints."
用户代理字符串
A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.
.well-known
.well-known is a file used to add redirects to a website from standardized URLs.
For example, password managers can make it easier for users to update passwords
if a website sets a redirect from /.well-known/change-password to the change
password page of the site.
In addition, it can be useful to access policy or other information about a
host before making a request. For example, robots.txt tells web crawlers
which pages to visit and which pages to ignore. IETF
RFC8615 outlines a standardized way
to make site-wide metadata accessible in standard locations in a /.well-known/ subdirectory.
See a list of recommendations for .well-known at
iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.
worklet
A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.
Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.