Glosarium Privacy Sandbox

Artikel dan dokumentasi Privacy Sandbox mengasumsikan pengetahuan tentang konsep dari privasi, iklan, dan pengembangan web. Glosarium ini menjelaskan istilah utama terkait Privacy Sandbox.

Lelang iklan (Protected Audience API)

Di Protected Audience API, lelang iklan dijalankan oleh penjual (kemungkinan adalah SSP atau mungkin penayang itu sendiri), dalam kode JavaScript di browser pada perangkat pengguna, untuk menjual ruang iklan di situs yang menampilkan iklan.

Materi iklan, materi iklan

Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.

Ad exchange

Ad Exchange adalah platform untuk mengotomatiskan pembelian dan penjualan inventaris iklan dari beberapa jaringan iklan.

Inventaris iklan, ruang iklan

Ruang inventaris iklan adalah ruang untuk iklan yang tersedia dari situs yang menjual ruang iklan.

Platform iklan (Teknologi iklan)

Platform iklan adalah perusahaan yang menyediakan layanan untuk menayangkan iklan.

Pengiklan

Pengiklan adalah perusahaan yang membayar untuk mengiklankan produknya.

Akuntansi laporan agregat

Ledger terdistribusi, yang terletak di kedua koordinator, yang melacak anggaran privasi yang dialokasikan dan menerapkan aturan'Tidak Ada Duplikat'. Ini adalah mekanisme perlindungan privasi, yang terletak dan dijalankan dalam koordinator, yang memastikan tidak ada laporan yang melewati Layanan Agregasi di luar anggaran privasi yang dialokasikan.

Baca selengkapnya tentang hubungan strategi pengelompokan dengan laporan agregat.

Anggaran akuntansi laporan agregat

References to the budget that ensures individual reports are not processed more than once.

Laporan agregat

Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.

Learn more about aggregatable reports.

Layanan agregasi

An ad tech-operated service that processes aggregatable reports to create a summary report.

Read more about the Aggregation Service backstory in our explainer and the full terms list.

Pemanggil API

An API caller is an entity, such as an app, a third-party SDK, or a website, that makes a request to the Topics API to access a user's interests.

Pengesahan

A mechanism to authenticate software identity, usually with cryptographic hashes or signatures. For the aggregation service proposal, attestation matches the code running in your ad tech-operated aggregation service with the open source code.

Read more about attestation.

Atribusi

Atribusi mengacu pada identifikasi tindakan pengguna yang berkontribusi pada suatu hasil.

Misalnya, hubungan antara klik iklan atau penayangan dengan konversi.

Blink

Blink adalah mesin rendering yang digunakan oleh Chrome, yang dikembangkan sebagai bagian dari project Chromium.

Reseller

A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.

Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.

Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.

Kromium

Chromium is an open-source web browser project. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera and other browsers are based on Chromium.

Konversi klik-tayang (CTC)

Konversi klik-tayang adalah konversi yang diatribusikan ke iklan yang diklik.

Rasio klik-tayang (CTR)

The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.

See also impression.

Ikatan kontribusi

Aggregatable reports may contain an arbitrary number of counter increments. For example, a report may contain a count of products that a user has viewed on an advertiser's site. The sum of increments in all aggregatable reports related to a single source event must not exceed a given limit, such as L1=2^16 (65,536).

Learn more in the aggregatable reports explainer.

Konversi

A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.

For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.

Cookie

A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.

For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.

Koordinator

Entitas yang bertanggung jawab atas pengelolaan kunci dan akuntansi laporan gabungan. Koordinator mengelola daftar hash konfigurasi layanan agregasi yang disetujui dan mengonfigurasi akses ke kunci dekripsi.

Data kasar

Coarse data refers to limited information provided by Attribution Reporting API event-level reports. This is limited to 3 pieces of conversion data for clicks and 1 piece for views. Specific, granular conversion data (such as specific prices of items and timestamps) are not included.

Platform pengelolaan data (DMP)

A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.

Learn more about DMPs.

Platform sisi permintaan (DSP)

A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.

Privasi diferensial

Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.

Domain

Domain. Lihat Domain Level Teratas dan eTLD.

Entropi

Entropi, di domain privasi, adalah ukuran seberapa banyak item data mengungkapkan identitas individu.

Entropi data diukur dalam bit. Semakin banyak data mengungkapkan identitas, semakin tinggi nilai entropinya.

Data dapat digabungkan untuk mengidentifikasi individu, tetapi mungkin sulit untuk mengetahui apakah data baru ditambahkan ke entropi. Misalnya, mengetahui seseorang berasal dari Australia tidak akan mengurangi entropi jika Anda sudah mengetahui orang tersebut berasal dari Pulau KangaOO.

Epoch

Di Topics API, epoch adalah periode waktu saat browser menyimpulkan topik untuk pengguna berdasarkan aktivitas penjelajahannya. Saat ini disetel ke satu minggu.

eTLD, eTLD+1

eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.

For example:

co.uk 
github.io 
glitch.me

Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.

See also Top-Level Domain.

Laporan tingkat peristiwa

Laporan tingkat peristiwa mengaitkan klik atau tampilan iklan tertentu (di sisi iklan) dengan data di sisi konversi. Untuk menjaga privasi pengguna dengan membatasi penggabungan identitas pengguna di seluruh situs, data sisi konversi sangat terbatas, dan datanya berisik.

Federated Credential Management API (FedCM)

Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.

FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.

Identitas gabungan (login gabungan)

Federated identity is a third-party platform to allow a user to sign in to a website, without requiring the site to implement their own identity service.

Bingkai dengan fence

A (<fencedframe>) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to an iframe. Unlike iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding context.

Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.

Pelacakan Sidik Jari

Pelacakan sidik jari mencakup teknik untuk mengidentifikasi dan melacak perilaku setiap pengguna.

Sidik jari menggunakan mekanisme yang tidak diketahui dan tidak dapat dikontrol pengguna.

Permukaan pelacakan sidik jari

A fingerprinting surface is something that can be used (probably in combination with other surfaces) to identify a particular user or device.

For example, the navigator.userAgent() JavaScript method and the User-Agent HTTP request header provide access to a fingerprinting surface (the User-Agent string).

Pihak pertama

First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.

For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called first-party cookies.

See also Third-party.

Cookie pihak pertama

A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.

For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.

I2E

Intent to Experiment (I2E) is the announcement of a plan to make a new Blink feature available to users for testing, typically through an origin trial.

I2EE

Eksperimen Intent untuk Memperluas (I2EE) adalah pengumuman rencana untuk memperpanjang durasi uji coba origin.

I2P

Intent untuk Membuat Prototipe (I2P) adalah tahap pertama dalam mengembangkan fitur baru di Blink. Pengumuman ini diposting ke milis blink-dev dengan link ke proposal untuk diskusi.

I2S

Intent to Ship (I2S) adalah pengumuman rencana untuk menyediakan fitur baru Blink bagi pengguna di Chrome versi stabil.

Tayangan

Tayangan dapat mengacu pada:

• Tampilan iklan. Lihat juga rasio klik-tayang.
• Slot iklan: markup HTML (biasanya tag <div>) di halaman web tempat iklan dapat ditampilkan. Slot iklan merupakan inventaris.

Periklanan menurut minat (PMM)

Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.

Grup minat

In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.

Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.

Inventaris

Inventaris adalah slot iklan yang tersedia di situs. Slot iklan adalah markup HTML (biasanya tag <div>) tempat iklan dapat ditampilkan.

k-anonymity

K-anonimitas adalah ukuran anonimitas dalam {i>dataset<i}. Jika memiliki anonimitas k, Anda tidak dapat dibedakan dari k-1 individu lain dalam set data. Dengan kata lain, k individu memiliki informasi yang sama (termasuk Anda).

Derau dan Penskalaan

Statistical noise that is added to summary reports during the aggregation process to preserve privacy and ensure the final reports provide anonymized measurement information.

Read more about additive noise mechanism, which is drawn from Laplace distribution.

Nonce

{i>Nonce<i} adalah nomor arbitrer yang hanya digunakan satu kali dalam komunikasi kriptografi.

Asal

Origin ditentukan oleh skema (protokol), nama host (domain), dan port URL yang digunakan untuk mengaksesnya.

Contoh: https://developer.chrome.com

Uji coba origin

Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.

When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.

Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.

Platform pasif

Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.

Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.

The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.

Protected Audience API

The Protected Audience API is the new name for the FLEDGE API.

Penerbit

Dalam konteks Privacy Sandbox, penayang adalah situs dengan ruang iklan yang dibayar untuk menampilkan iklan.

Jangkauan

Jangkauan menunjukkan jumlah total orang yang melihat iklan atau mengunjungi halaman web yang menampilkan iklan tersebut.

Bidding real-time (RTB)

Bidding real-time mengacu pada lelang otomatis untuk membeli dan menjual tayangan iklan di situs, yang diselesaikan saat pemuatan halaman.

Pemasaran Ulang

Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.

For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.

Asal pelaporan

The entity that receives aggregatable reports—in other words, you or an ad tech that called the Attribution Reporting API. Aggregatable reports are sent from user devices to a well-known URL associated with the reporting origin. The reporting origin is designated during enrollment.

Faktor penskalaan

Faktor penskalaan, dalam konteks Attribution Reporting API, mengacu pada jumlah yang Anda pilih untuk mengalikan nilai agregat. Penskalaan memengaruhi efek derau dan anggaran kontribusi Anda.

Penjual

Penjual adalah pihak yang menjalankan lelang iklan, kemungkinan adalah SSP atau mungkin penayang itu sendiri.

ID bersama

A computed value that consists of shared_info, reporting_origin, destination_site (for Attribution Reporting API only), source_registration-time (for Attribution Reporting API only), scheduled_report_time, and version.

Multiple reports that share the same attributes in the shared_info field should have the same shared ID. Shared IDs play an important role within Aggregatable Report Accounting.

Read more about Trusted Servers.

Situs

Situs setara dengan eTLD+1 beserta skema (protokol).

Lihat juga Domain Level Teratas.

Partisi penyimpanan

Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.

Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.

Laporan ringkasan

An Attribution Reporting API and Private Aggregation API report type. A summary report includes aggregated user data, and can contain detailed conversion data with noise added. Summary reports are made up of aggregate reports. They allow for greater flexibility and provide a richer data model than event-level reporting, particularly for some use-cases like conversion values.

Platform sisi suplai, Platform sisi jual

A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.

Platform

Permukaan. Lihat Permukaan sidik jari dan Permukaan pasif.

Pihak ketiga

Pihak ketiga merujuk pada resource yang ditayangkan dari domain yang berbeda dengan situs yang Anda kunjungi.

Misalnya, situs foo.com mungkin menggunakan kode analisis dari google-analytics.com (melalui JavaScript), font dari use.typekit.net (melalui elemen link), dan video dari vimeo.com (dalam iframe). Lihat juga Pihak pertama.

Cookie pihak ketiga

Cookie pihak ketiga adalah cookie yang disimpan oleh layanan pihak ketiga.

Misalnya, situs video mungkin menyertakan tombol Tonton Nanti pada pemutar tersemat untuk memungkinkan pengguna menambahkan video ke wishlist tanpa memaksa mereka membuka situs video.

Lihat juga Cookie pihak pertama.

Domain level teratas (TLD)

Domain level teratas seperti .com dan .org tercantum dalam Database Zona Root.

Lihat juga eTLD, situs.

Topik

Topik adalah topik minat pengguna yang dapat dibaca manusia dan merupakan bagian dari taksonomi Topics.

Taksonomi topik

Taksonomi Topics adalah hierarki kategori publik yang dapat dibaca manusia dan diseleksi oleh manusia yang digunakan Topics API untuk mewakili minat pengguna.

Trusted Execution Environment (TEE)

A secure configuration of computer hardware and software that allows external parties to verify the exact versions of software running on the machine without fear of exposure. TEEs allow external parties to verify that the software does exactly what the software manufacturer claims it does—nothing more or less.

To learn more about TEEs used for the Privacy Sandbox proposals, read the Protected Audience API services explainer and the Aggregation Service explainer.

Petunjuk Klien Agen Pengguna (UA-CH)

Petunjuk klien agen pengguna memberikan bagian tertentu dari string Agen Pengguna pada permintaan eksplisit. Hal ini membantu mengurangi platform pasif di string Agen Pengguna yang dapat menyebabkan identifikasi pengguna atau pelacakan tersembunyi.

UA-CH terkadang disebut sebagai "Petunjuk Klien".

String Agen Pengguna

A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.

.well-known

.well-known is a file used to add redirects to a website from standardized URLs.

For example, password managers can make it easier for users to update passwords if a website sets a redirect from /.well-known/change-password to the change password page of the site.

In addition, it can be useful to access policy or other information about a host before making a request. For example, robots.txt tells web crawlers which pages to visit and which pages to ignore. IETF RFC8615 outlines a standardized way to make site-wide metadata accessible in standard locations in a /.well-known/ subdirectory.

See a list of recommendations for .well-known at iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.

Worklet

A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.

Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.