Artikel dan dokumentasi Privacy Sandbox mengasumsikan pengetahuan tentang konsep dari privasi, iklan, dan pengembangan web. Glosarium ini menjelaskan istilah utama terkait Privacy Sandbox.
Lelang iklan (Protected Audience API)
In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.
Materi iklan, materi iklan
Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.
Ad exchange
An ad exchange is a platform to automate buying and selling of ad inventory from multiple ad networks.
Inventaris iklan, ruang iklan
Ruang inventaris iklan adalah ruang untuk iklan yang tersedia dari situs yang menjual ruang iklan.
Platform iklan (Teknologi iklan)
Platform iklan adalah perusahaan yang menyediakan layanan untuk menayangkan iklan.
Pengiklan
Pengiklan adalah perusahaan yang membayar untuk mengiklankan produknya.
Akuntansi laporan agregat
Ledger terdistribusi, yang terletak di kedua koordinator, yang melacak anggaran privasi yang dialokasikan dan menerapkan aturan'Tidak Ada Duplikat'. Ini adalah mekanisme perlindungan privasi, yang terletak dan dijalankan dalam koordinator, yang memastikan tidak ada laporan yang melewati Layanan Agregasi di luar anggaran privasi yang dialokasikan.
Baca selengkapnya tentang hubungan strategi pengelompokan dengan laporan agregat.
Anggaran akuntansi laporan agregat
References to the budget that ensures individual reports are not processed more than once.
Laporan agregat
Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.
Learn more about aggregatable reports.
Layanan agregasi
Layanan yang dioperasikan teknologi iklan yang memproses laporan agregat untuk membuat laporan ringkasan.
Baca selengkapnya tentang latar belakang Layanan Agregasi di penjelasan dan daftar istilah lengkap kami.
Pemanggil API
An API caller is an entity, such as an app, a third-party SDK, or a website, that makes a request to the Topics API to access a user's interests.
Pengesahan
Mekanisme untuk mengautentikasi identitas software, biasanya dengan hash kriptografis atau tanda tangan. Untuk proposal layanan agregasi, pengesahan mencocokkan kode yang berjalan di layanan agregasi yang dioperasikan teknologi iklan Anda dengan kode open source.
Baca selengkapnya tentang pengesahan.
Atribusi
Atribusi mengacu pada identifikasi tindakan pengguna yang berkontribusi pada suatu hasil.
Misalnya, hubungan antara klik iklan atau penayangan dengan konversi.
Blink
Blink is the rendering engine used by Chrome, developed as part of the Chromium project.
Reseller
A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.
Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.
Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.
Kromium
Chromium adalah project browser web open source. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera, dan browser lain didasarkan pada Chromium.
Konversi klik-tayang (CTC)
A click-through conversion is a conversion attributed to an ad that was clicked.
Rasio klik-tayang (CTR)
The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.
See also impression.
Ikatan kontribusi
Aggregatable reports may contain an arbitrary number of counter increments. For
example, a report may contain a count of products that a user has viewed on an
advertiser's site. The sum of increments in all aggregatable reports related to
a single source event must not exceed a given limit, such as L1=2^16 (65,536).
Learn more in the aggregatable reports explainer.
Konversi
A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.
For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.
Cookie
A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.
For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.
Koordinator
Entities responsible for key management and aggregatable report accounting. A Coordinator maintains a list of hashes of approved aggregation service configurations and configures access to decryption keys.
Data kasar
Data kasar mengacu pada informasi terbatas yang diberikan oleh laporan tingkat peristiwa Attribution Reporting API. Jumlah ini dibatasi pada 3 data konversi untuk klik dan 1 untuk penayangan. Data konversi spesifik dan terperinci (seperti harga item dan stempel waktu tertentu) tidak disertakan.
Platform pengelolaan data (DMP)
Platform manajemen data adalah perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan dan mengelola data yang relevan bagi pengiklan. Platform ini membantu pengiklan dan penayang mengidentifikasi segmen audiens, yang kemudian dapat digunakan untuk penargetan kampanye.
Pelajari DMP lebih lanjut.
Platform sisi permintaan (DSP)
A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.
Privasi diferensial
Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.
Domain
Domain. See Top-Level Domain and eTLD.
Entropi
Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.
Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.
Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.
Epoch
In the Topics API, an epoch is the period of time during which the browser infers topics for a user based on their browsing activity. It is currently set to one week.
eTLD, eTLD+1
eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.
For example:
co.uk
github.io
glitch.me
Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from
bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole
site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.
See also Top-Level Domain.
Laporan tingkat peristiwa
Laporan tingkat peristiwa mengaitkan klik atau tampilan iklan tertentu (di sisi iklan) dengan data di sisi konversi. Untuk menjaga privasi pengguna dengan membatasi penggabungan identitas pengguna di seluruh situs, data sisi konversi sangat terbatas, dan datanya berisik.
Federated Credential Management API (FedCM)
Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.
FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.
Identitas gabungan (login gabungan)
Federated identity is a third-party platform to allow a user to sign in to a website, without requiring the site to implement their own identity service.
Bingkai dengan fence
(<fencedframe>) adalah elemen HTML yang diusulkan untuk konten tersemat, yang mirip dengan iframe. Tidak seperti iframe, frame dengan fence membatasi komunikasi dengan konteks penyematannya agar frame dapat mengakses data lintas situs tanpa membagikannya dengan konteks penyematan.
Beberapa Privacy Sandbox API mungkin mewajibkan dokumen tertentu untuk dirender dalam frame dengan fence. Pelajari proposal Frame dengan Fence lebih lanjut.
Pelacakan Sidik Jari
Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.
Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.
Permukaan pelacakan sidik jari
Platform pelacakan sidik jari adalah sesuatu yang dapat digunakan (mungkin bersama dengan platform lain) untuk mengidentifikasi pengguna atau perangkat tertentu.
Misalnya, metode JavaScript navigator.userAgent() dan header permintaan HTTP User-Agent
menyediakan akses ke platform pelacakan sidik jari (string
Agen Pengguna).
Pihak pertama
First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.
For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and
includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party
resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from
developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called
first-party cookies.
See also Third-party.
Cookie pihak pertama
A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.
For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.
I2E
Intent to Experiment (I2E) is the announcement of a plan to make a new Blink feature available to users for testing, typically through an origin trial.
I2EE
Eksperimen Intent untuk Memperluas (I2EE) adalah pengumuman rencana untuk memperpanjang durasi uji coba origin.
I2P
Intent untuk Membuat Prototipe (I2P) adalah tahap pertama dalam mengembangkan fitur baru di Blink. Pengumuman ini diposting ke milis blink-dev dengan link ke proposal untuk diskusi.
I2S
Intent to Ship (I2S) adalah pengumuman rencana untuk menyediakan fitur baru Blink bagi pengguna di Chrome versi stabil.
Tayangan
Tayangan dapat mengacu pada:
- Tampilan iklan. Lihat juga rasio klik-tayang.
- Slot iklan: markup HTML (biasanya tag
<div>) di halaman web tempat iklan dapat ditampilkan. Slot iklan merupakan inventaris.
Periklanan menurut minat (PMM)
Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.
Grup minat
In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.
Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.
Inventaris
Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div>
tags) where ads can be displayed.
k-anonymity
K-anonimitas adalah ukuran anonimitas dalam {i>dataset<i}. Jika memiliki anonimitas k, Anda tidak dapat dibedakan dari k-1 individu lain dalam set data. Dengan kata lain, k individu memiliki informasi yang sama (termasuk Anda).
Derau dan Penskalaan
Statistical noise that is added to summary reports during the aggregation process to preserve privacy and ensure the final reports provide anonymized measurement information.
Read more about additive noise mechanism, which is drawn from Laplace distribution.
Nonce
{i>Nonce<i} adalah nomor arbitrer yang hanya digunakan satu kali dalam komunikasi kriptografi.
Asal
An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.
For example: https://developer.chrome.com
Uji coba origin
Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.
When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.
Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.
Platform pasif
Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.
Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.
The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.
Protected Audience API
The Protected Audience API is the new name for the FLEDGE API.
Penerbit
Dalam konteks Privacy Sandbox, penayang adalah situs dengan ruang iklan yang dibayar untuk menampilkan iklan.
Jangkauan
Jangkauan menunjukkan jumlah total orang yang melihat iklan atau mengunjungi halaman web yang menampilkan iklan tersebut.
Bidding real-time (RTB)
Bidding real-time mengacu pada lelang otomatis untuk membeli dan menjual tayangan iklan di situs, yang diselesaikan saat pemuatan halaman.
Pemasaran Ulang
Pemasaran ulang adalah praktik beriklan kepada orang-orang yang telah mengunjungi situs Anda di situs lain.
Misalnya, toko online dapat menampilkan iklan obral mainan kepada orang yang sebelumnya melihat mainan di situs mereka.
Asal pelaporan
The entity that receives aggregatable reports—in other words, you or an ad tech that called the Attribution Reporting API. Aggregatable reports are sent from user devices to a well-known URL associated with the reporting origin. The reporting origin is designated during enrollment.
Faktor penskalaan
Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.
Penjual
Penjual adalah pihak yang menjalankan lelang iklan, kemungkinan adalah SSP atau mungkin penayang itu sendiri.
ID bersama
A computed value that consists of shared_info, reporting_origin,
destination_site (for Attribution Reporting API only),
source_registration-time (for Attribution Reporting API only),
scheduled_report_time, and version.
Multiple reports that share the same attributes in the shared_info
field should have the same shared ID. Shared IDs play an important role within
Aggregatable Report Accounting.
Read more about Trusted Servers.
Situs
Situs setara dengan eTLD+1 beserta skema (protokol).
Lihat juga Domain Level Teratas.
Partisi penyimpanan
Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.
Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.
Laporan ringkasan
An Attribution Reporting API and Private Aggregation API report type. A summary report includes aggregated user data, and can contain detailed conversion data with noise added. Summary reports are made up of aggregate reports. They allow for greater flexibility and provide a richer data model than event-level reporting, particularly for some use-cases like conversion values.
Platform sisi suplai, Platform sisi jual
A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.
Platform
Permukaan. Lihat Permukaan sidik jari dan Permukaan pasif.
Pihak ketiga
Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.
For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from
google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from
use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an
iframe). See also First-party.
Cookie pihak ketiga
A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.
For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.
See also First-party cookie.
Domain level teratas (TLD)
Domain level teratas seperti .com dan .org tercantum dalam Database Zona Root.
Topik
A topic is a human-readable topic of interest of a user and is part of the Topics taxonomy.
Taksonomi topik
The Topics taxonomy is a public, human-curated, human-readable hierarchy of categories that the Topics API uses to represent users' interests.
Trusted Execution Environment (TEE)
Konfigurasi hardware dan software komputer yang aman yang memungkinkan pihak eksternal memverifikasi versi software yang tepat yang berjalan di komputer tanpa takut terekspos. TEE memungkinkan pihak eksternal memverifikasi bahwa software melakukan fungsi persis seperti yang diklaim oleh produsen software tersebut—tidak lebih dan tidak kurang.
Untuk mempelajari TEE yang digunakan untuk proposal Privacy Sandbox lebih lanjut, baca penjelasan layanan Protected Audience API dan penjelasan Layanan Agregasi.
Petunjuk Klien Agen Pengguna (UA-CH)
Petunjuk klien agen pengguna memberikan bagian tertentu dari string Agen Pengguna pada permintaan eksplisit. Hal ini membantu mengurangi platform pasif di string Agen Pengguna yang dapat menyebabkan identifikasi pengguna atau pelacakan tersembunyi.
UA-CH terkadang disebut sebagai "Petunjuk Klien".
String Agen Pengguna
String agen pengguna adalah header HTTP yang digunakan oleh server dan pembanding jaringan untuk meminta informasi identifikasi tentang aplikasi, sistem operasi, vendor, atau versi agen pengguna. String Agen Pengguna menyiarkan string data besar, yang bermasalah bagi privasi pengguna. Pengurangan Agen Pengguna diusulkan untuk menghapus informasi sensitif dan mengurangi pelacakan sidik jari pasif.
.well-known
.well-known adalah file yang digunakan untuk menambahkan pengalihan ke situs dari URL standar.
Misalnya, pengelola sandi dapat memudahkan pengguna memperbarui sandi jika situs menetapkan pengalihan dari /.well-known/change-password ke halaman ubah sandi situs.
Selain itu, ada baiknya mengakses kebijakan atau informasi lain tentang host sebelum membuat permintaan. Misalnya, robots.txt memberi tahu crawler web
halaman mana yang perlu dikunjungi dan halaman mana yang diabaikan. IETF
RFC8615 menguraikan cara standar
agar metadata seluruh situs dapat diakses di lokasi standar dalam subdirektori /.well-known/.
Lihat daftar rekomendasi untuk .well-known di
iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.
Worklet
Dengan worklet, Anda dapat menjalankan fungsi JavaScript tertentu dan menampilkan informasi kembali ke pemohon. Dalam worklet, Anda dapat menjalankan JavaScript, tetapi tidak dapat berinteraksi atau berkomunikasi dengan halaman di luar.
Worklet digunakan untuk menyimpan dan mengekstrak data dengan Shared Storage API.