Glosario de Privacy Sandbox

Los artículos y la documentación de Privacy Sandbox suponen un conocimiento de los conceptos de privacidad, publicidad y desarrollo web. En este glosario, se explican los términos clave relacionados con Privacy Sandbox.

Subasta de anuncios (API de Protected Audience)

In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.

Creatividad del anuncio

Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.

Ad Exchange

An ad exchange is a platform to automate buying and selling of ad inventory from multiple ad networks.

Inventario de anuncios, espacio publicitario

Ad inventory space is the space or spaces for ads that are available from a site that sells ad space.

Plataforma de anuncios (tecnología publicitaria)

Una plataforma de anuncios es una empresa que proporciona servicios para publicar anuncios.

Advertiser

Un anunciante es una empresa que paga para anunciar sus productos.

Contabilidad de informes agregables

A distributed ledger, located in both coordinators, that tracks the allocated privacy budget and enforces the 'No Duplicates' rule. This is the privacy preserving mechanism, located and run within coordinators, that ensures no reports pass through the Aggregation Service beyond the allocated privacy budget.

Read more on how batching strategies relate to aggregatable reports.

Presupuesto de la contabilidad de informes agregables

References to the budget that ensures individual reports are not processed more than once.

Informes agregables

Los informes agregables son informes encriptados que se envían desde dispositivos de usuarios individuales. Estos informes contienen datos sobre el comportamiento de los usuarios y las conversiones en varios sitios. El anunciante o la tecnología publicitaria definen las conversiones (a veces llamadas eventos activadores de atribución) y las métricas asociadas. Cada informe está encriptado para evitar que varias partes accedan a los datos subyacentes.

Obtén más información sobre los informes agregables.

Servicio de agregación

An ad tech-operated service that processes aggregatable reports to create a summary report.

Read more about the Aggregation Service backstory in our explainer and the full terms list.

Llamador de la API

Un llamador de API es una entidad, como una app, un SDK de terceros o un sitio web, que envía una solicitud a la API de Topics para acceder a los intereses de un usuario.

Certificación

Es un mecanismo para autenticar la identidad del software, por lo general, con hashes criptográficos o firmas. En el caso de la propuesta de servicio de agregación, la certificación coincide con el código que se ejecuta en tu servicio de agregación operado por la tecnología publicitaria con el código de código abierto.

Obtén más información sobre la certificación.

Atribución

Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.

For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.

Blink

Blink is the rendering engine used by Chrome, developed as part of the Chromium project.

Comprador

A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.

Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.

Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.

Chromium

Chromium is an open-source web browser project. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera and other browsers are based on Chromium.

Conversión posclic (CTC)

A click-through conversion is a conversion attributed to an ad that was clicked.

Tasa de clics (CTR)

The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.

See also impression.

Vinculación de contribuciones

Aggregatable reports may contain an arbitrary number of counter increments. For example, a report may contain a count of products that a user has viewed on an advertiser's site. The sum of increments in all aggregatable reports related to a single source event must not exceed a given limit, such as L1=2^16 (65,536).

Learn more in the aggregatable reports explainer.

Conversión

A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.

For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.

Cookie

A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.

For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.

Coordinador

Son las entidades responsables de la administración de claves y la contabilización de informes agregables. Un coordinador mantiene una lista de valores hash de las configuraciones de servicios de agregación aprobadas y configura el acceso a las claves de desencriptación.

Datos generales

Coarse data refers to limited information provided by Attribution Reporting API event-level reports. This is limited to 3 pieces of conversion data for clicks and 1 piece for views. Specific, granular conversion data (such as specific prices of items and timestamps) are not included.

Plataforma de administración de datos (DMP)

A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.

Learn more about DMPs.

Plataforma orientada a la demanda (DSP)

A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.

Privacidad diferencial

La privacidad diferencial se refiere a técnicas que permiten compartir información sobre un conjunto de datos para revelar patrones de comportamiento sin revelar información privada sobre individuos o si pertenecen al conjunto de datos.

Dominio

Dominio. Consulta Dominio de nivel superior y eTLD.

Entropía

Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.

Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.

Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.

Epoch

In the Topics API, an epoch is the period of time during which the browser infers topics for a user based on their browsing activity. It is currently set to one week.

eTLD, eTLD+1

eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.

For example:

co.uk 
github.io 
glitch.me

Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.

See also Top-Level Domain.

Informe a nivel del evento

Event-level reports associate a particular ad click or view (on the ad side) with data on the conversion side. To preserve user privacy by limiting the joining of user identity across sites, conversion-side data is very limited, and the data is noisy.

API de Federated Credential Management (FedCM)

Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.

FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.

Identidad federada (acceso federado)

Federated identity is a third-party platform to allow a user to sign in to a website, without requiring the site to implement their own identity service.

Marco vallado

A (<fencedframe>) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to an iframe. Unlike iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding context.

Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.

Creación de huellas digitales

Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.

Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.

Superficie de creación de huellas digitales

Una superficie de creación de huellas digitales es algo que se puede usar (probablemente en combinación con otras plataformas) para identificar a un usuario o dispositivo en particular.

Por ejemplo, el método navigator.userAgent() de JavaScript y el encabezado de la solicitud HTTP User-Agent proporcionan acceso a una plataforma de creación de huellas digitales (la string usuario-agente).

Propia

First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.

For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called first-party cookies.

See also Third-party.

Cookie propia

A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.

For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.

I2E

La intención de experimento (I2E) es el anuncio de un plan para poner a disposición de los usuarios una nueva función de Blink a fin de probarla, por lo general, mediante una prueba de origen.

I2EE

El intent de extensión (I2EE) es un anuncio de un plan para extender la duración de una prueba de origen.

I2P

La intención de crear un prototipo (I2P) es la primera etapa en el desarrollo de una nueva función en Blink. El anuncio se publica en la lista de distribución de blink-dev con un vínculo a la propuesta para su análisis.

I2S

Intent to Ship (I2S) is an announcement of a plan to make a new feature of Blink available to users in stable versions of Chrome.

Impresión

Impression could refer to either:

• View of an ad. See also click-through rate.
• An ad slot: the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) on a web page where an ad can be displayed. Ad slots constitute inventory.

Publicidad basada en intereses (IBA)

Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.

Grupo de interés

In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.

Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.

Inventario

Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) where ads can be displayed.

k‑anonimato

El k-anonimato es la medida del anonimato dentro de un conjunto de datos. Si tienes el anonimato de k, no te podrás distinguir de los demás individuos del conjunto de datos k-1. En otras palabras, k personas tienen la misma información (incluido tú).

Ruido y escalamiento

Es el ruido estadístico que se agrega a los informes de resumen durante el proceso de agregación para preservar la privacidad y garantizar que los informes finales proporcionen información de medición anonimizada.

Obtén más información sobre el mecanismo de ruido aditivo, que se extrae de la distribución de Laplace.

Nonce

Un nonce es un número arbitrario que se usa solo una vez en la comunicación criptográfica.

Origen

An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.

For example: https://developer.chrome.com

Prueba de origen

Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.

When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.

Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.

Superficie pasiva

Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.

Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.

The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.

API de Protected Audience

The Protected Audience API is the new name for the FLEDGE API.

Editor

In the Privacy Sandbox context, a publisher is a site with ad space that is paid to display ads.

Alcance

El alcance representa la cantidad total de personas que ven un anuncio o que visitan una página web que muestra el anuncio.

Ofertas en tiempo real (RTB)

Real-time bidding refers to an automated auction for buying and selling ad impressions on websites, completed during page load.

Remarketing

Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.

For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.

Origen de los informes

The entity that receives aggregatable reports—in other words, you or an ad tech that called the Attribution Reporting API. Aggregatable reports are sent from user devices to a well-known URL associated with the reporting origin. The reporting origin is designated during enrollment.

Factor de escala

Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.

Vendedor

Un vendedor es la parte que ejecuta una subasta de anuncios, que probablemente sea una SSP o tal vez el propio publicador.

ID compartido

A computed value that consists of shared_info, reporting_origin, destination_site (for Attribution Reporting API only), source_registration-time (for Attribution Reporting API only), scheduled_report_time, and version.

Multiple reports that share the same attributes in the shared_info field should have the same shared ID. Shared IDs play an important role within Aggregatable Report Accounting.

Read more about Trusted Servers.

Sitio

A site is equivalent to an eTLD+1 along with a scheme (protocol).

See also Top-Level Domain.

Particionamiento de almacenamiento

Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.

Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.

Informe de resumen

Un tipo de informe de la API de Attribution Reporting y de la API de Private Aggregation. Un informe de resumen incluye datos agregados de los usuarios y puede contener datos de conversiones detallados con ruido agregado. Los informes de resumen se componen de informes agregados. Permiten una mayor flexibilidad y proporcionan un modelo de datos más rico que los informes a nivel del evento, en particular para algunos casos de uso, como los valores de conversión.

Plataforma de proveedores, plataforma orientada a la venta

A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.

Superficie

Surface. See Fingerprinting surface and Passive surface.

De terceros

Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.

For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an iframe). See also First-party.

Cookie de terceros

A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.

For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.

See also First-party cookie.

Dominio de nivel superior (TLD)

Top-level domains such as .com and .org are listed in the Root Zone Database.

See also eTLD, site.

Tema

A topic is a human-readable topic of interest of a user and is part of the Topics taxonomy.

Taxonomía de Topics

The Topics taxonomy is a public, human-curated, human-readable hierarchy of categories that the Topics API uses to represent users' interests.

Entorno de ejecución confiable (TEE)

A secure configuration of computer hardware and software that allows external parties to verify the exact versions of software running on the machine without fear of exposure. TEEs allow external parties to verify that the software does exactly what the software manufacturer claims it does—nothing more or less.

To learn more about TEEs used for the Privacy Sandbox proposals, read the Protected Audience API services explainer and the Aggregation Service explainer.

Sugerencias de clientes de usuario-agente (UA-CH)

User-agent client hints provide specific pieces of the User-Agent string on explicit request. This helps reduce passive surfaces in the User-Agent string which may lead to user identification or covert tracking.

UA-CH is sometimes referred to as "Client Hints."

Cadena de usuario-agente

A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.

.well-known

.well-known is a file used to add redirects to a website from standardized URLs.

For example, password managers can make it easier for users to update passwords if a website sets a redirect from /.well-known/change-password to the change password page of the site.

In addition, it can be useful to access policy or other information about a host before making a request. For example, robots.txt tells web crawlers which pages to visit and which pages to ignore. IETF RFC8615 outlines a standardized way to make site-wide metadata accessible in standard locations in a /.well-known/ subdirectory.

See a list of recommendations for .well-known at iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.

Worklet

A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.

Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.