개인 정보 보호 샌드박스 용어집

개인 정보 보호 샌드박스 도움말 및 문서는 개인 정보 보호, 광고, 웹 개발의 개념에 대한 지식을 전제로 합니다. 이 용어집에서는 개인 정보 보호 샌드박스와 관련된 주요 용어를 설명합니다.

광고 입찰 (Protected Audience API)

In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.

광고 소재

Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.

Ad Exchange

An ad exchange is a platform to automate buying and selling of ad inventory from multiple ad networks.

광고 인벤토리, 광고 공간

Ad inventory space is the space or spaces for ads that are available from a site that sells ad space.

광고 플랫폼 (광고 기술)

An ad platform is a company that provides services to deliver ads.

광고주

An advertiser is a company that pays to advertise its products.

집계 가능한 보고서 회계

할당된 개인 정보 보호 예산을 추적하고 '중복 없음' 규칙을 적용하는 두 코디네이터에 모두 있는 분산 원장입니다. 이는 개인 정보 보호 메커니즘으로, 조정자 내에 위치하고 실행되며 할당된 개인 정보 보호 예산을 초과하는 보고서가 집계 서비스를 통과하지 않도록 합니다.

일괄 처리 전략이 집계 가능한 보고서와 어떤 관련이 있는지 자세히 알아보기

집계 가능한 보고서 회계 예산

References to the budget that ensures individual reports are not processed more than once.

집계 가능한 보고서

Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.

Learn more about aggregatable reports.

집계 서비스

An ad tech-operated service that processes aggregatable reports to create a summary report.

Read more about the Aggregation Service backstory in our explainer and the full terms list.

API 호출자

An API caller is an entity, such as an app, a third-party SDK, or a website, that makes a request to the Topics API to access a user's interests.

증명

A mechanism to authenticate software identity, usually with cryptographic hashes or signatures. For the aggregation service proposal, attestation matches the code running in your ad tech-operated aggregation service with the open source code.

Read more about attestation.

기여 분석

Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.

For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.

Blink is the rendering engine used by Chrome, developed as part of the Chromium project.

수입상

A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.

Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.

Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.

Chromium

Chromium is an open-source web browser project. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera and other browsers are based on Chromium.

클릭 후 전환(CTC)

A click-through conversion is a conversion attributed to an ad that was clicked.

클릭률(CTR)

The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.

See also impression.

참여 결합

Aggregatable reports may contain an arbitrary number of counter increments. For example, a report may contain a count of products that a user has viewed on an advertiser's site. The sum of increments in all aggregatable reports related to a single source event must not exceed a given limit, such as L1=2^16 (65,536).

Learn more in the aggregatable reports explainer.

전환

A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.

For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.

쿠키는 웹사이트가 사용자의 브라우저에 저장할 수 있는 작은 텍스트 데이터 조각입니다. 쿠키는 사용자가 웹에서 이동할 때 사용자와 연결된 정보(또는 웹사이트의 백엔드 서버에 저장된 데이터 참조)를 저장하는 데 사용될 수 있습니다.

예를 들어 온라인 상점은 사용자가 로그인하지 않은 경우에도 장바구니 세부정보를 유지하거나 사이트에서 사용자의 탐색 활동을 기록할 수 있습니다. 퍼스트 파티 쿠키와 서드 파티 쿠키를 참조하세요.

코디네이터

Entities responsible for key management and aggregatable report accounting. A Coordinator maintains a list of hashes of approved aggregation service configurations and configures access to decryption keys.

대략적인 데이터

Coarse data refers to limited information provided by Attribution Reporting API event-level reports. This is limited to 3 pieces of conversion data for clicks and 1 piece for views. Specific, granular conversion data (such as specific prices of items and timestamps) are not included.

데이터 관리 플랫폼(DMP)

A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.

Learn more about DMPs.

수요측 플랫폼 (DSP)

A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.

개인 정보 차등 보호

Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.

도메인

Domain. See Top-Level Domain and eTLD.

엔트로피

Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.

Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.

Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.

세대

Topics API에서 에포크는 브라우저가 탐색 활동을 기반으로 사용자의 주제를 추론하는 기간입니다. 현재 1주일로 설정되어 있습니다.

eTLD, eTLD+1

eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.

For example:

co.uk 
github.io 
glitch.me

Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.

See also Top-Level Domain.

이벤트 수준 보고서

이벤트 수준 보고서는 광고 측의 특정 광고 클릭 또는 조회를 전환 측 데이터와 연결합니다. 사이트 간에 사용자 ID의 조인을 제한하여 사용자 개인 정보를 보호하기 위해 전환 측 데이터는 매우 제한되고 데이터에 노이즈가 있습니다.

Federated Credential Management API (FedCM)

Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.

FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.

제휴 ID (제휴 로그인)

Federated identity is a third-party platform to allow a user to sign in to a website, without requiring the site to implement their own identity service.

분리 프레임

A (<fencedframe>) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to an iframe. Unlike iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding context.

Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.

디지털 지문 수집

Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.

Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.

디지털 지문 수집 표면

A fingerprinting surface is something that can be used (probably in combination with other surfaces) to identify a particular user or device.

For example, the navigator.userAgent() JavaScript method and the User-Agent HTTP request header provide access to a fingerprinting surface (the User-Agent string).

자사

First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.

For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called first-party cookies.

See also Third-party.

A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.

For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.

I2E

Intent to Experiment (I2E) is the announcement of a plan to make a new Blink feature available to users for testing, typically through an origin trial.

I2EE

Intent to Extend Experiment (I2EE) is an announcement of a plan to extend the duration of an origin trial.

I2P

Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.

I2S

Intent to Ship (I2S) is an announcement of a plan to make a new feature of Blink available to users in stable versions of Chrome.

노출

Impression could refer to either:

  • View of an ad. See also click-through rate.
  • An ad slot: the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) on a web page where an ad can be displayed. Ad slots constitute inventory.

관심 기반 광고 (IBA)

Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.

관심분야 그룹

In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.

Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.

인벤토리

Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) where ads can be displayed.

k-익명성

K-anonymity is the measure of anonymity within a data set. If you have k anonymity, you can't be distinguished from k-1 other individuals in the data set. In other words, k individuals have the same information (including you).

노이즈 및 확장

Statistical noise that is added to summary reports during the aggregation process to preserve privacy and ensure the final reports provide anonymized measurement information.

Read more about additive noise mechanism, which is drawn from Laplace distribution.

Nonce

A nonce is an arbitrary number used only once in cryptographic communication.

출발지

An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.

For example: https://developer.chrome.com

오리진 트라이얼

Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.

When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.

Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.

수동 표면

Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.

Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.

The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.

Protected Audience API

The Protected Audience API is the new name for the FLEDGE API.

게시자

In the Privacy Sandbox context, a publisher is a site with ad space that is paid to display ads.

도달범위

도달범위는 광고를 보거나 광고가 표시되는 웹페이지를 방문한 총 사용자 수를 나타냅니다.

실시간 입찰 (RTB)

Real-time bidding refers to an automated auction for buying and selling ad impressions on websites, completed during page load.

리마케팅

Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.

For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.

신고 출처

The entity that receives aggregatable reports—in other words, you or an ad tech that called the Attribution Reporting API. Aggregatable reports are sent from user devices to a well-known URL associated with the reporting origin. The reporting origin is designated during enrollment.

크기 조정 요소

Attribution Reporting API의 맥락에서 배율은 집계 가능한 값에 곱하기로 선택하는 금액을 나타냅니다. 확장은 노이즈의 효과와 기여 예산에 영향을 미칩니다.

판매자

판매자는 광고 입찰을 실행하는 당사자이며 SSP 또는 게시자일 수 있습니다.

공유 ID

A computed value that consists of shared_info, reporting_origin, destination_site (for Attribution Reporting API only), source_registration-time (for Attribution Reporting API only), scheduled_report_time, and version.

Multiple reports that share the same attributes in the shared_info field should have the same shared ID. Shared IDs play an important role within Aggregatable Report Accounting.

Read more about Trusted Servers.

사이트

사이트는 스키마 (프로토콜)와 함께 eTLD+1과 같습니다.

최상위 도메인도 참조하세요.

스토리지 파티셔닝

Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.

Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.

요약 보고서

An Attribution Reporting API and Private Aggregation API report type. A summary report includes aggregated user data, and can contain detailed conversion data with noise added. Summary reports are made up of aggregate reports. They allow for greater flexibility and provide a richer data model than event-level reporting, particularly for some use-cases like conversion values.

공급측 플랫폼, 판매측 플랫폼

A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.

Surface

Surface. See Fingerprinting surface and Passive surface.

Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.

For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an iframe). See also First-party.

A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.

For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.

See also First-party cookie.

최상위 도메인 (TLD)

.com 및 .org와 같은 최상위 도메인은 루트 영역 데이터베이스에 나열됩니다.

eTLD, 사이트도 참조하세요.

주제

A topic is a human-readable topic of interest of a user and is part of the Topics taxonomy.

주제 분류

주제 분류는 Topics API에서 사용자의 관심분야를 나타내는 데 사용하는 공개적이고 사람이 선별하며 사람이 읽을 수 있는 카테고리 계층 구조입니다.

신뢰할 수 있는 실행 환경(TEE)

A secure configuration of computer hardware and software that allows external parties to verify the exact versions of software running on the machine without fear of exposure. TEEs allow external parties to verify that the software does exactly what the software manufacturer claims it does—nothing more or less.

To learn more about TEEs used for the Privacy Sandbox proposals, read the Protected Audience API services explainer and the Aggregation Service explainer.

User-Agent 클라이언트 힌트 (UA-CH)

User-agent client hints provide specific pieces of the User-Agent string on explicit request. This helps reduce passive surfaces in the User-Agent string which may lead to user identification or covert tracking.

UA-CH is sometimes referred to as "Client Hints."

사용자 에이전트 문자열

A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.

.well-known

.well-known is a file used to add redirects to a website from standardized URLs.

For example, password managers can make it easier for users to update passwords if a website sets a redirect from /.well-known/change-password to the change password page of the site.

In addition, it can be useful to access policy or other information about a host before making a request. For example, robots.txt tells web crawlers which pages to visit and which pages to ignore. IETF RFC8615 outlines a standardized way to make site-wide metadata accessible in standard locations in a /.well-known/ subdirectory.

See a list of recommendations for .well-known at iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.

Worklet

A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.

Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.